_ 148 Morhof_, Polyhistor (1688), III. _Thomasius_, 1728, Cautelæ circa præcognita Jurisprudentiæ (1710), ch. 17. (Cautelæ circa studium œconomicum.) Also, in his lectures on _Seckendorff’s_ “Teutschen Fürstenstaat.” Compare _Roscher_, Gesch. der N. Œk. in Deutschland, 328 ff. 149 While _Dithmar_ (1731) distinguishes economy-police and cameralistic sciences and restricts the latter to finance and taxation; _Darjes_ (1756) comprises under the name of cameralistic science, economy (municipal and rural), and police, as well as cameralistic subjects in the strict sense of the term, that is, the public, domain and regal rights. While _Nau_ (1791), in his “Ersten Linien der C.,” treats only of the branches of private economy, _Schmalz_, (1797) treats also of national or public economy, and _Rössig_ (1792) divides cameralistic science into the doctrine of the public demesne and regal rights (cameralistic science in the narrower sense), and the doctrine of taxation and police. 150 Thus, for instance, all that concerns domestic economy, book-keeping and private financial administration. _ 151 John Stuart Mill_, Principles of Political Economy (1848), I, p. 25, draws a distinction between the physical conditions which influence the economic situation of a people, and the moral and psychological conditions; which last have their origin in social institutions or in the fundamental principles of human nature. Only the latter belong to the domain of Political Economy. According to _J. B. Say_, Traité, Introd., this science embraces at once agriculture, manufactures and commerce, but only in their relation to the increase or diminution of wealth, and does not concern itself with the means employed to reach the desired end. As a rule, says _Arndt_ (Naturgemässe Volkswirthschaft, 1851, p. 16), it takes into consideration not so much things themselves as their exchange value. _Lotz_ (Handbuch, I, p. 6 seq.), in like manner, defines Political Economy—the science of the one activity which constitutes the basis of all industries etc. _F. G. Schulze_ (Ueber volkswirthschaftliche Begründung der Gewerbswissenschaften, 1826), characterizes Political Economy as the science of the fundamental conditions of the well-being of a people, in so far as they lie in human nature. When _Adam Smith_ (book IV, c. II) says that the government in respect to matters of economy is inferior to the first best person engaged in industrial pursuits, he is right only from a technic point of view. And when _Stewart_, on the other hand, vindicates for the state the office of a pater-familias (book II, ch. 13), he evidently means only in national economical matters.