144 See _Dufau_, Traité de Statistique, 1840; _Moreau de Jonnès_, Elements de Statistique, 1847; _Knies_, Die Statistik als selbstständige Wissenschaft, 1850. _B. Hildebrand_, in his Jahrbüchern, 1866, I etc., but especially _Quetelet’s_ works. For the contrary view, see _Fallati_, Einleitung in die Wissenschaft der Statistik der St., 1843; _Jonak_, Theorie der Statistik, 1856, and _Heeren_, in the Gött. Gelehrten Anzeigen, 1806, No. 84, 1807, 1302. 145 So thinks _v. Rümelin_ (Tübinger Zeitschr., 1863, 653 ff.); and he recommends in place of statistics an independent branch of learning bordering on history and geography, to be called demography. His statistics is a science auxiliary to all the experimental sciences of man, just as criticism and hermeneutics are a methodological science auxiliary to many sciences, otherwise different. It would be difficult to justify the use of the name statistics for such a science, as such a science corresponds to neither of the two meanings of the word _status_ (state—condition). 146 The ancients understood by the term καμάρα _camera_, covered places such especially as were vaulted, also vaults of the most varied kind. Compare _Herod_, I, 199; _Diod._, II, 9; _Strabo_, XI, 495; _Arrian_, Exp. _Alex._, VII, 5, 55; _Dio Cass_. XXXVI, 32; _Sallust_, B. C., 55; _Cicero_, ad Q. fratrem III, 1; _Plin._, H. N. XXX, 27; _Seneca_, Epist., 86; _Tacit._ Hist. III, 47; _Sueton_, Nero, 34. During the middle ages, the meaning treasure-chamber (_Schatzkammer_) became predominant: _camera est locus, in quem thesaurus recoilligitur, vel conclave, in quo pecunia reservatur_ (_Ocham_, Cap. Quid sit Scaccarium). It gradually became synonymous with finance,—from the time of Charlemagne, or at least since Louis II. (Charter of 874). See _Ducange_, Glossarium, v. Camera, and _Muratori_ Antiquitt. Ital., I, 932 ff. 147 “A husbandman must plow and manure his land if he would reap a harvest from it. He must fatten his cattle if he would slaughter them; and furnish his cows with good fodder if he would have them give good milk. In like manner, a prince should begin by assuring his subjects healthy and abundant food, if he would take anything from them.” _von Schröder_, Fürstl. Schatz-und Rentkammer (1686), preface, § 11. _Von Horneck_ before him, Oesterreich über alles wann es nur will, p. 220, ed. of 1707, had expressed the idea that the watchful solicitude for the public economy of the country was no _parergon_, no _appendix_, to the council (_Kammer_), but its real basis, and that it embraced many subjects which had nothing in common with the cameralia (“_Cameralien_”).