250 Especially important in chemical factories. The expense of greasing on the Rhenish railways fell, through premiums offered as rewards for saving, from 27,000 thalers to 5,000, in spite of an increase in the amount of traffic. (_v. Mangoldt_, Volkswirthschaftslehre, 349.) This was, besides, the most effectual way of controlling the theft of material. 251 In the cachelot fishery, the captain receives one-sixteenth, the master, one twenty-fifth, the second master, one thirty-fifth, the boatswain, one-sixtieth, each sailor, one eighty-fifth of the profit. (_Humboldt_, N. Espagne, IV, 10.) This system is very common in North America. See _Carey_ in _J. S. Mill’s_ Principles, V, ch. 9, 7. In heathen Iceland, mariners were always paid a certain quota of the profits. _Leo_, in _Raumer’s_ historischem Taschenbuch, 1835, 524. The same was often the case in China. _McCulloch_, Comm. Diction. v. Canton. In England, its employment was rendered very difficult by the laws of partnership, which made each individual, except in great chartered societies, responsible for all kinds of debts contracted by the rest of the firm. _J. S. Mill_, B. IV, ch. 7, 5. 252 The house painter Leclaire, in Paris, obtained very high results in this respect. _Leclaire_, Répartition des Bénéfices du Travail, 1842. He retained for his own services as contractor the sum of 6,000 francs, and paid each workman the salary he had hitherto received. What remained was, at the end of the year, equally divided among all. _Leclaire_ assures us that he was always satisfied with the system. The paying of a proportion of the general profits to laborers is advisable only in case their ability of surveying the whole is not much inferior to that of their employers. Where a special proportion is paid, in special branches of business, it is sufficient if their supervision extends over that particular branch. But a sharing in the profits of business always supposes a corresponding supervision of the business itself, and also the keeping of accounts. 253 A very good remedy against indigence among the lower classes. (_Umpfenbach_, National Œkonomie, 1867, 214.) But whether it will ever be possible to make the remuneration of the navvy or that of a type-setter depend on the final success of his work, _qnœre_. _ 254 Tournefort_, speaking of the fatalism of the Turks, says that they always and everywhere leave the world as they found it. According to their own proverb, no grass grows again where the Osman has set foot.