260 Thus, for instance, the Lex Visigoth., VIII, 4, 16, graduates the fine to be paid by the murderer according to the age of his victim. It increases up to the 20th year in the case of males, and diminishes after the 50th. In the case of females, the maximum is attained between the ages of 15 and 40. Similarly even _Moses_, Book III, 27. 261 As to what concerns the two sexes, the _force rénale_ of adult males is twice that of females in the human species. The difference between them in youth is not so great. The force _manuelle_ of the two sexes at the age of 30 is as 9:5. (_Quételet_, Sur l’Homme II, p. 73 ff.) The numerical ratio of one sex to the other varies but little among those nations which have attained a certain degree of civilization. See _infra_, § 245. 262 It is of great importance to calculate here the number of days in the year in which the laborer is compelled to be idle on account of sickness. _Fenger_, (Quid faciant ætas annique tempus ad frequentiam et diuturnitatem morborum, Hafniæ 1840), finds the following result: Between 15 and 19 years, 7.2 days. Between 35 and 39 years, 7.8 days. Between 20 and 24 years, 10.3 days. Between 40 and 44 years, 8.3 days. Between 25 and 29 years, 9.5 days. Between 45 and 49 years, 11.6 days. Between 30 and 34 years, 7.6 days. Between 50 and 59 years, 14.1 days. According to _Villermé_, in the Annales d’Hygiène, II, At 60 years, 16 days. At 67 years, 42 days. At 65 years, 31 days. At 70 years, 75 days. The latter table is the result of a comparison made of the tables of seventy Scotch mutual aid societies. Compare _Digler_, Polyt. Journal, XXIV, 168. _ 263 Tacit._, Germ., 14. _Leo_, in _Raumer’s_ Taschenbuch, 1835, 418. _Maxime sua esse credebant, quæ: ex hostibus cepissent._ (_Gajus_ IV, 16.) Roman auction _sub hasta_! Similar views obtained among the Thracians. See _Herodot._, V, 6. In Sparta, even in the time of Agesilaus, economic labor was considered unworthy of a free man, (_Plutarch_, Ages, 26); while the Athenians, from the time of Solon, punished idleness, and from that of Pericles “knew no other festival but attending to their business.” _Thucyd._, I. 70. For some happy observations on this subject, see _Riehl_, Die deutsche Arbeit, 1861. 264 Compare _Erasmus_ Colloq. (ed. _Stallb._), 21 ff., 213 ff., 392 ff.