325 Thus _Sismondi_, Nouveaux Principes, II, ch. 1, and, earlier, _Mengotti_ Colbertismo, 317. (Cust.) See, on the other hand, _Hermann_, Staatsw. Untersuchungen, 34 ff. Even _J.B. Say_ does no manner of justice, in this respect, to personal services. He speaks _of produits qui ne s’attachent à rien qui s’évanouissent à mésure qu’ils naissent, qu’il est impossible d’accumuler, qui n’ajoutent rein à la richesse nationale_. Compare Catéchisme (3d ed.) 52 ff., 174 ff. On the other hand _Dunoyer_, Libertê du Travail, L.V., remarks that here labor and its result are made to change places; the former like all labor is very perishable, the latter as lasting as in the case of other kinds of labor. In the one case the utility is fixed in things, in the other in persons. _Ad. Müller_, Elemente der Staatskunst passim, calls special attention to how the kinds of labor, called unproductive by _Adam Smith_, preserve the state, and in that way, all individual exchangeable goods. Similarly, _Storch_, Handbuch, I, 347; _Steinlein_, Handbuch, I, 460. _Lauderdale_ (443), however, is correct when he says, that the continued duration of the product of labor depends, usually, more on the caprice of consumers than on the nature of the labor. _ 326 Garnier_ calls attention to the fact, that there is a great quantity of material products, such as laces, perfumes etc., that can scarcely be ever used in further production, and, generally speaking, one’s resources for the most part are not kept in lasting goods, but are preserved by the change of technic forms in production. _Hermann_, I, Aufl., 115. 327 When _Schön_, Nat. Œkonomie, 33, ridicules the idea of the productiveness of personal services, by citing the instance of prostitution carried on as a trade, he forgets that many material goods also may conduce to the moral damage of the purchaser of them. It is said that there are in France 3,500 retailers and colporteurs of immoral writings and pictures, who sell yearly nine million numbers or pieces, at a cost of six million francs! (Moniteur, 9 Avril, 1853.) 328 Compare _Schäffle_, Theorie der ausschliessenden Absatzverhältnise, 1867, 135. seq. 329 Many of the socialists take a retrograde step in this respect, in as much as they consider only manual labor productive. _Fourier’s_ school particularly, declaim passionately against the unproductiveness of commerce and of most personal services. Compare _V. Considérant_, Destinée sociale, 1851, I, 44.