_ 337 Remained_, and not _become_, poor, as is generally supposed; for the enormous wealth of Spain, under Ferdinand and Isabella, as well as during the early period of Charles V. is only a _fable convenue_. Charles V. said: France has a superabundance of everything, and Spain is in want of everything. See also the embassy report of _Navagero_ (1526), Viaggio fatto in Spagna e in Francia (Venet., 1563), and _Ranke_, Fürsten und Volker, I, 393 ff. 338 The prize was won by _Arreta de Monteseguro_. The author of the history of Portuguese Asia, translated by _Stevens_, is of opinion (III, ch. 6), that commerce is not a proper subject for serious history to treat. 339 There is a very fine description of this spirit in _Clenard_, Epist. I. ad Latomum (1535 ff.) Compare _Juvellanos_, in _Laborde_, Itinéraire déscriptif, IV, 176. _Townsend_, Journey through Spain, II, 207, 117. _Buckle_, History of Civilization, II, ch. I. The census of 1788 gave the number of priests and monks, soldiers, mariners, nobles, lawyers, tax-gatherers, authors, students and domestics, at 1,221,000, in a total of 3,800,000 men; from which number there was a multitude of beggars, vagrants etc. to be deducted. _Laborde_, Itinéraire, II, 32 ff. The seventeen universities and the numberless small Latin schools, with their gratuitous instruction, and their many scholarships, misled a disproportionately large number to engage in study. At the beginning of this century, there were at least 200,000 priests, nuns (_Geistliche_), etc., in a population of from three to three and a half millions only. (_Ebeling_, Erdbeschreibung von Portugal, 66.) _Senior_ shows that the poverty of the Osman is caused by too many state employees, tax-farmers and retail merchants. (Journal kept in Turkey and Greece, 1857-58.) Thus, also, _J. Tucker_, Four Tracts, 1774, 18, contrasts men engaged in industry with rich idlers, whose increase, possibly by immigration, would make the people a nation of “gentlemen and ladies, footmen, grooms, laundresses etc.” _Schmitthener_, N. Œk., 656, calls a condition such as that of Spain, “national-economical phthisis.”