_ 348 Saxo Gramm._, Hist. Dan. V, 101. _Turner_, Hist. of the A. Saxons B. VII, ch. 11. Nibel., 351 ff. There is a French proverb: _du temps que la reine Berthe filait_. Queen Bertha was a mythic daughter of Charlemagne. It may be that the character meant is the old German spinning goddess Berchta. Concerning the daughter of Otto the Great, see _Dithmar_, Merseb. II. _Homer_, Od. V, 31 ff.; X, 106; XXIII, 189 ff. _Herodot._, VIII, 137. _Livy_, I. 57. _ 349 Eden_, State of the Poor I, 558 ff. In the interior of Peru, the priest is also usually a shop-keeper (_Pöppig_, Reise, II, 365); in Canada, as in many of the villages of the Alps which are not often visited, a hotel keeper. In countries with an unadvanced civilization, the little division of labor that exists is also very awkwardly regulated. Thus in Russia, weak children are very frequently put to work on farms, while powerful men are found in the city offering all kinds of eatables and the pictures of saints for sale. (_Storch_, Gemälde des russischen Reichs II, 364. _v. Haxthausen_, Studien I, 335.) _ 350 Babbage_, Economy of Machinery, 1833, 201. _L. Faucher_, Angleterre II, Ch. “_la Ville des Serruriers_.” The industrial statistics of Paris, furnished by _H. Say_ in 1847 and 1848, show that in that city alone there are 325 different branches of industry, 17 of which are concerned with the production of food; 21 with building; 32 with the manufacture of furniture; 21 with that of clothing; 36 with that of thread and tissues; 7 with skins and leathers; 14 with vehicles, saddlery, and military equipment; 33 with chemicals and pottery; 33 with working in metal, glass etc.; 35 in that of the precious metals and jewels; 27 with printing, engraving and paper; 15 with that of wooden-ware and wicker-ware; 34 with _articles de Paris_. Journal des Economistes, Janv., 1853, 107. According to the industrial almanac of Birmingham, there are in that city manufacturers of buttons in gold, silver, metal, mother-of-pearl etc.; manufacturers of hammers, ink-stands, coffin-nails, dog-collars, tooth-picks, stirrups, fish-hooks, spurs, pack-needles etc. 351 And so with the subdivisions. Flannel is manufactured almost exclusively in Halifax, woolen blankets between Leeds and Huddersfield etc. 352 The same division of labor was developed among the Dutch in the 17th century, and excited then the wonder of the English. See _Sir W. Temple,_ Observations upon the U. Provinces, 1672, ch. 3. Works, I, 128, 143. In 1615, _Montchrêtien_ held up the Flemish as a model to the French, in this respect. 353 On the bees, see _Virgil, Georg._ IV, 158.