In keeping with this is the fact, that the most cultivated nations, and the same may be said of individuals, value time most highly. “Time is money.” (_Benjamin Franklin._) An English proverb calls time the stuff of which life is made.(265) While in negro nations, individuals do not even know their own age; while in Russia, there are very few clocks to strike the hours, even in the towers of churches, in England, a watch is considered an indispensable article of apparel, even for very young people and for some of the lower orders of society.(266) Railroads operate in this respect as a kind of national clock. The introduction of machinery and the more minute division of labor, make punctuality a necessity. While South Americans and West Indians are frightfully careless in their every movement, a carelessness which betrays itself even in their drawling speech,(267) the life of a New Englander has been compared to the rush of a locomotive. In the markets of Central Asia, nothing strikes the European with so much surprise as the little value put upon time by the merchants of India and Bucharia, who are fully satisfied when, after endless waiting, they succeed in obtaining a somewhat higher price for their wares.(268) Section XLII. Of Capital.—The Classes Of Goods Of Which A Nation’s Capital Is Made Up. Capital(269) we call every product laid by for purposes of further production. (§ 220).(270) Hence, the capital of a nation consists especially of the following classes of goods: A. _Soil-improvements_, for instance, drainage and irrigation works, dikes, hedges etc., which are, indeed, sometimes so far part of the land itself that it is difficult to distinguish them from it.(271) To this class belong all permanent plantations. B. _Buildings_, which embrace workshops and storehouses as well as dwellings; also artificial roads of all kinds. C. _Tools, machines and utensils_ of every description;(272) the latter especially for personal service, and for the preservation and transportation of other goods. A machine is distinguished from a tool in that the moving power of the former is not communicated to it immediately by the human body, which only directs it; while the latter serves as a species of equipment, or as a better substitute for some member of man’s body.(273) To be of advantage, these three kinds of capital must save more labor or fatigue than it has cost to produce them. Tools are, however, older than machines. The aborigines of Australia used only a lance and a club in hunting; the somewhat more civilized American Indians, the bow and arrow; Europeans use firearms: in all of which a gradual progress is observable. Of the blind forces which communicate motion to machines, water was the first used, then the wind, and last of all, steam.(274) D. _Useful and laboring animals_, in so far as they are raised, fed and developed by human care.