E. _Materials for transformation_ (_Verwandlungsstoffe_): either the principal material which constitutes the essential substance of a new product, the yarn of the weaver for instance, the raw wool, silk or cotton of the spinner; or the secondary material which, indeed, enters into the work, but only for purposes of ornamentation, as gold-leaf, lac, colors etc. F. _Auxiliary substances_, which are consumed in production, but do not constitute a visible part of the raw product,(275) as coal in a smithy, powder in the chase or in mining, muriatic acid, in the preparation of gelatin, chlorine in bleaching etc. G. _Means of subsistence_ for the producers, which are advanced to them until production is complete. H. _Commercial stock_, which the merchant keeps always on hand to meet the wants of his customers. I. _Money_ as the principal tool in every trade that is made. K. There is also what may be called _incorporeal capital_ (quasi-capital according to _Schmitthenner_), which is as much the result of production as any other capital, and is used in production, but which, for the most part, is not exhausted by use. There are species of this kind of capital which may be transferred, as for instance, the good will of a well-established firm. Others are as inseparably connected with human capacity for labor as soil-improvements with a piece of land; e.g., the greater dexterity acquired by a workman through scientific study, or the greater confidence he has acquired by long trial.(276) The state itself is the most important incorporeal capital of every nation, since it is clearly indispensable, at least indirectly, to economic production.(277) The greater portion of the national capital is in a state of constant transformation. It is being continually destroyed and reproduced. But from the stand-point of private economy, as well as from that of the whole people, we say that capital is preserved, increased or diminished according as its value is preserved, increased or diminished.(278) _Pretium succedit in locum roi et res in locum pretii._ “The greater part in value of the wealth now existing in England, has been produced by human hands within the last twelve months. A very small proportion indeed of that large aggregate was in existence ten years ago; of the present productive capital of the country, scarcely any part except farm-houses and a few ships and machines; and even these would not, in most cases, have survived so long, if fresh labor had not been employed within that period in putting them into repair.... Capital is kept in existence from age to age like population, not by preservation, but by reproduction.” (_J. S. Mill_.) Section XLIII. Capital.—Productive Capital.