The moderns have frequently inequitably neglected the doctrine of consumption. Thus it appears to be a very characteristic fact that in _Adam Smith's_ great book, there is no division bearing the title "consumption," and in the Basel edition of 1801, that word does not occur in the index. _Droz_ says that in reading the works of certain of his followers, one might think that products were not made for the sake of man, but man for their sake. But, on the other hand, there came a strong reaction with _Lauderdale_, Inquiry, ch. 5; _Sismondi_, N. Principes, L., II, passim; _Ganilh_, Dictionnaire Analytique, 93 ff., 159 ff.; but especially, and with important scientific discoveries, _Malthus_, Principles, B. II. _St. Chamans_, Nouvel Essai sur la Richesse des Nations, 1824, is an exaggerated caricature of the theory of consumption. For instance, he resolves the income of individuals into foreign demand or the demand of strangers (29); considers the first condition of public credit to lie in the making of outlay (32); and even calls entirely idle consumers productive, for the reason that they elevate by their demand a _utilité possible_, to the dignity of a _utilité réelle_ (286 ff.) The view advocated by Mirabeau, and referred to above, again represented by _E. Solly_, Considerations on Political Economy, 1814, and by _Weishaupt_, Ueb. die Staatsausgaben und Auflagen, 1819. And so according to _Carey_, Principles, ch. 35, § 6, the real difficulty does not lie in production, but in finding a purchaser for the products. But he overlooks the fact here that only the possessor of other products can appear as a purchaser. From another side, most socialists think almost exclusively of the wants of men, and scarcely consider it worth their while to pay any attention to the means of satisfying them.] SECTION CCXV. NECESSITY OF THE PROPER SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION.