The amount of rents in Prussia, _Krug_ assumed to be in 1804, 50,000,000 thalers, and _von Viebahn_, Zollverein Statistik, II, 974, in 1862, 116,500,000 thalers. _Lavergne_ assumed the rents of France after 1850 to be 1,600,000,000 francs (Revue des deux Mondes, Mars, 1868); and _Dutot_, Journal des Economistes, Juin, 1870, in 1870, at 2,000,000,000. In Norway, the capitalized value of all the land was assessed at 13,000,000,000 thalers in specie, in 1665; in 1802, at 25,500,000; in 1839, at 64,000,000 thalers. _Blom_, Statistik von Norwegen, I, 145. The older such estimates are, the more unreliable they are.] [Footnote 156-5: In Paris, in 1834, the square _toise_ = 37 sq. feet, in the Rue Richelieu and Rue St. Honoré, cost 1,500 to 2,000 francs; in Rue neuve Vivienne, 2,500 to 3,500 francs; in 1857, from 200 to 500 francs per square meter, = 10 sq. feet, was very usual. (_Wolowski_.) Before the gates of Paris, the rent amounted to as high as 250 francs per _hectare_; at Fontainebleau, to only from 30 to 40. (Journal des Economistes, Mars, 1856, 337.) In Market Square, Philadelphia, land was worth from 3,000 to 4,000 francs per sq. _toise_, and in Wall Street, New York, about 4,000 francs. (_M. Chevalier_, Letters sur l'Amérique, 1836, I, 355.) In St. Petersburg, after 6 years, the house frequently falls to the owner of the area. (_Storch._ by _Rau_, I, 248 f.) In Manchester, the Custom House area cost from 10 to 12 pounds sterling per square yard; in the center of the city, as high of £40, that is, nearly £200,000 per acre. In Liverpool, in the neighborhood of the Exchange and of Town Hall, the cost is from 30 to 40 pounds sterling. (Athenæum, Dec. 4, 1852.) In London, a corner building on London street, erected for £70,000, with only three front windows, pays a rental of £22,000. (Allg. Zeitung, 1 Febr., 1866.) The villa at Misenum--a very beautiful location--which the mother of the Gracchi bought for about 5,000 thalers, came into the possession of L. Lucullus, consul in the year B. C. 74, for about 33 times as much. _Mommsen_, Römisch. Gesch., II, 382.] SECTION CLVII. HISTORY OF RENT.--IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF AGRICULTURE. Improvements in the art of agriculture which are confined to individual husbandmen leave rent unaffected. They do not perceptibly lower the price of agricultural products, and only effect an increase of the reward of enterprise which is entirely personal to the more skillful producers and does not attach to the ground itself.