picture-writing, the word happiness was designated by a mouth well corked with rice. Chinese statisticians speak of mouths (_Maul_) where ours treat of the number of heads or souls. _Ritter_, Erdkunde, II, 1060. More favorable accounts in _Plath_, Münch. Akad., 1873, 784, 788 seq. In the East Indies, a great many of the rejected castes live on carrion, dead fish, noxious insects, and even the middle class find wheat flour too dear, and therefore mix it with peas, etc. (_Ritter_, VI, 1143.) It is said that Bengal, in the famine of 1770, lost more than one-third of its inhabitants. (_Mill_, History of British India, III, 432.) Eloquent description of misery in _Rickard_, India, or Facts submitted to illustrate the Character and Condition of the native Inhabitants, II, London, 1832. An immense number of badly paid servants of whom it may however be said that each one accomplishes very little. The Pindaries may pass for an extreme of Indian pauperism, corresponding to the pirate-calamity during the later Roman Republic. (Quarterly Review, XVIII, 466 ff.; _Ritter_, VI, 394 ff.)] [Footnote 174-3: Thus, in England, during the last great war, wages rose less than the price of corn, and sank less after it. About 1810, wages were nearly 100 per cent. higher than in 1767; but, on the other hand, the price of wheat, 115; of meat, 146; of butter, 130, and of cheese, 153 per cent. (Edinburg Rev., XL., 28.) If it has some times been observed that crime, communistic machinations and revolutionary movements grow less frequent in times of war, the fact is not to be ascribed necessarily to a better condition of the laboring class. It might possibly be the consequence of the strongest and wildest elements of the laboring class finding some other career.]