[Illustration: FIG. 70. The individual drinking cup--each cup clean and free from disease germs.] [Sidenote: How consumption is spread from the lips:] We know that the substance which people cough up when they have consumption contains the germs that cause this disease. When they spit this matter out, many of the germs stick to the lips. This is true not only of consumption, but of the germs of other diseases, such as diphtheria, measles, and scarlet fever. [Sidenote: (_1_) By drinking cups] When there are disease germs on the lips, it is impossible for a person to drink and not leave some of the germs sticking to the edge of the cup or glass. If the germs of disease are in the mouth, every time that the person suffering from this disease drinks from a cup, he leaves some of the germs on the edge of it. The next person to drink from that cup may get the germs into his mouth. [Illustration: FIG. 71. A sanitary drinking fountain for public places.] Always avoid drinking from a cup or glass from which another person has been drinking. You can never tell who may have disease germs in his mouth, or when you may get them on your lips by drinking from the same cup. Each individual should have his own cup and should never let any one else drink from it. [Sidenote: (_2_) By putting pencils into the mouth] When you put the point of your pencil into your mouth, you will leave germs on it just as you do on the edge of a cup when you drink. Never put your pencil into your mouth; never use any other person's pencil; never trade pencils. [Sidenote: (_3_) By the common bite] Sometimes we see a child giving his friends a bite of his apple or candy or cake. Of course when disease germs are in the mouth of the one who takes a bite, the germs will be left on the apple, candy, or cake. By no means should a boy or girl be selfish, but if you have something to share with your friends, break it or cut it into pieces. Never take into your mouth anything from which another person has taken a bite. [Sidenote: How tubercular cows cause consumption] Milk that comes from consumptive cows may contain the germs that cause tuberculosis. When you drink the milk from such cows, you take these germs into your body. They find their way from the stomach and intestine into the blood, and there they travel about until they find a spot where the cells are dead or are not doing their work properly. When they find such a place, they settle down and begin to grow; and the first thing you know, you will have tuberculosis in that part of your body. Sometimes the germs do not have to go out of the stomach or intestines to find a favorable opportunity to take hold and grow. When this happens, we have consumption of the bowels. One cannot tell by looking at milk or by tasting it whether or not the germs of tuberculosis are present. They do not make the milk sour; neither do they make it look different from pure milk.