PREFACE vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiii INTRODUCTION 1 SOME GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE PRINTER’S MARK 40 THE PRINTER’S MARK IN ENGLAND 52 SOME FRENCH PRINTERS’ MARKS 100 PRINTERS’ MARKS OF GERMANY AND SWITZERLAND 139 SOME DUTCH AND FLEMISH PRINTERS’ MARKS 178 PRINTERS’ MARKS IN ITALY AND SPAIN 209 SOME MODERN EXAMPLES 233 BIBLIOGRAPHY 253 INDEX 255 [Decoration] [Decoration] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page Liechtenstein, Petrus. _Frontispiece_ Bell, George, and Sons. _Title-page_ Andlau, G. U. Von 1 Couteau, Gillet 4 Du Pré, Galliot 5 Lecoq, Jehan 7 Petit and Kerver 9 Du Puys, Jacques 11 Pavier, T. 12 Janot, Denys 15 Faques, William 16 Steels, J. 19 Vérard, Antoine 21 Plate of thirty Marks used chiefly by the Italian Printers 25 Chaudière, Guillaume 28 Roffet, Jacques 30 Tournes, Jean de 31 Breuille, Mathurin 33 Snellaert, C. 35 Rastell, John 37 Leeu, Gerard 39, 185 Fust and Schoeffer 40 Froben, J. 43 Cratander’s Mark (attributed to Holbein) 45 Cox, T. 46 Dulssecker, Johann Reinhold 47, 153, 154 Beck, Reinhard 50, 143, 144 Goltz, Hubert 51 Lynne, Walter 52 Caxton, William 55 St. Albans Printer, The 56 De Worde, Wynkyn 58 Pynson, R. 59, 60 Notary, Julian 61 Fawkes, R. 63 Treveris, Peter 64 Scott, John 65 Copland, Robert 66, 68