gratissimus hinnulus pro.” Thomas Woodcock, 1576-94, who dwelt at the sign of the Black Bear, in St. Paul’s Churchyard, was a bookseller rather than a printer; his Mark is an evident double pun on his surname. [Illustration: ROWLAND HALL. POST TENEBRAS LVX] [Illustration: HENRY BYNNEMAN. CERVA CHARISSIMA ET GRATISSIMVS HINNVLVS PRO] [Illustration: THOMAS WOODCOCK. CANTABO IEHOVÆ QVIA BENEFECIT] During the last years of the sixteenth century, and the first three decades of the seventeenth, there were two Jaggards among the London printers; by far the better known is Isaac, who, with Edward Blount, issued the first folio edition of Shakespeare’s plays; he seems to have had no Mark, but William, 1595-1624, used the rather striking device (page 88), which is thus described: Serpent biting his tail, coiled twice round the wrist of a hand issuing from the clouds and holding a wand from which springs two laurel branches, and which is surmounted by a portcullis (the Westminster Arms); in the last coil of the serpent the word “Prudentia.” Equally distinct is the mark of Felix Kingston, or Kyngston, who printed a very large number of books from 1597 to 1640; in this device we have the sun shining on the Parnassus, and a laurel tree between the two conical hills, with a sunflower and a pansy on either side. [Illustration: WILLIAM JAGGARD. PRVDENTIA] The Mark of William Norton, 1570-93, whose shop was at the King’s Arms, St. Paul’s Churchyard, was in a double sense a pun on his name, consisting as it did of a representation of a Sweet-William growing through a tun inscribed with the letters “NOR”; and something of the same kind may be said of that employed by Richard Harrison, 1552-62, whose Mark is described by Camden as “an Hare by a sheafe of Rye in the Sun, for Harrison.” In this connection we may also here refer to the Mark employed by Gerard (or Gerald) Dewes, 1562-87, whose shop was at the sign of the Swan in St. Paul’s Churchyard; this is described by Camden thus: “and if you require more [_i.e._ in reference to the prevailing taste for picture-writing such as the designs of Norton and Dewes] I refer you to the witty inventions of some Londoners; but that for Garret Dewes is most remarkable, two in a garret casting Dewes at dice.” In the same category also may be included the Mark of Christopher and Robert Barker, the Queen’s Printers, who used a design of a man barking timber, with the couplet “A Barker if you will, In name but not in skill.” From these and many other instances which might be cited, it will be seen that by the end of the sixteenth century the Printer’s Mark in England had declined into a very childish and feeble play upon the names of the printers, and the subject therefore need not be further pursued. [Illustration: FELIX KINGSTON. PARNASSO ET APOLLINE DIGNA] [Illustration: THOMAS CREEDE. T C VIRESSIT VVLNERE VERITAS]