CHAPTER SEVENTH. NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE GOSPEL 76 CHAPTER EIGHTH. THE TRUE STORY OF LOTTE BAUER 88 CHAPTER NINTH. THE EVOLUTION OF A JACKET 100 CHAPTER TENTH. BETWEEN THE RIVERS 113 CHAPTER ELEVENTH. UNDER THE BRIDGE AND BEYOND 126 CHAPTER TWELFTH. ONE OF THE FUR-SEWERS 139 CHAPTER THIRTEENTH. SOME DIFFICULTIES OF AN EMPLOYER WHO EXPERIMENTED 150 CHAPTER FOURTEENTH. THE WIDOW MALONEY'S BOARDERS 160 CHAPTER FIFTEENTH. AMONG THE SHOP-GIRLS 173 CHAPTER SIXTEENTH. TWO HOSPITAL BEDS 186 CHAPTER SEVENTEENTH. CHILD-WORKERS IN NEW YORK 199 CHAPTER EIGHTEENTH. STEADY TRADES AND THEIR OUTLOOK 210 CHAPTER NINETEENTH. DOMESTIC SERVICE AND ITS PROBLEMS 221 CHAPTER TWENTIETH. MORE PROBLEMS OF DOMESTIC SERVICE 233 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIRST. END AND BEGINNING 244 PRISONERS OF POVERTY. CHAPTER FIRST. WORKER AND TRADE. In that antiquity which we who only are the real ancients look back upon as the elder world, counting those days as old which were but the beginning of the time we reckon, there were certain methods with workers that centuries ago ceased to have visible form. The Roman matron, whose susceptibilities from long wear and tear in the observation of fighting gladiators and the other mild amusements of the period, were a trifle blunted, felt no compunction in ordering a disobedient or otherwise objectionable slave into chains, and thereafter claiming the same portion of work as had been given untrammelled. The routine of the day demanded certain offices; but how these offices should be most easily fulfilled was no concern of master or mistress, who required simply fulfilment, and wasted no time on consideration of methods. In the homes of Pompeii, once more open to the sun, are the underground rooms where wretched men and women bowed under the weight of fetters, whose corrosion was not only in weary flesh, but in the no less weary soul; and Rome itself can still show the same remnants of long-forgotten wrong and oppression.