Prisons Over Seas: Deportation and Colonization; British and American Prisons of To-dayGriffiths, Arthur
History
Prisons Over Seas: Deportation and Colonization; British and American Prisons of To-day
Griffiths, Arthur
Convict ships; Penal colonies; Prisons -- Great Britain -- History; Prisons -- United States -- History
The solution of the pressing problem was entrusted to Colonel,
afterward Sir Joshua, Jebb, a distinguished officer of the Royal
Engineers, who was already well known in connection with prison building
and with penal legislation generally. He had for some years past been
associated with the two official inspectors of prisons; after that he
had assisted in the superintendence of Millbank, when constituting a
convict depot, and he had been in reality the moving spirit of the
commissioners who built the model prison at Pentonville. In those early
years he gave undoubted earnest of his energetic character and great
powers, a promise more than fulfilled. His proposal was to construct a
great breakwater at Portland, largely assisted by the labour of convicts
which was abundant and running to waste. He meant in the first instance
to provide accommodation of some sort on the island of Portland wherein
the convicts might be securely lodged immediately adjoining their works.
He described, in a memorandum dated 1847, the style of place he proposed
to build. Naturally, he said, when the works on which the prisoners were
to be employed were likely to be completed within a limited time,
something less costly than a substantial prison would suffice. Safe
custody and the due enforcement of discipline must of course be secured;
but these might be obtained without any very extravagant outlay. He
suggested, therefore, buildings on wooden frames, with corrugated iron
partitions; the whole so constructed as to be easily taken to pieces
and removed to another site if required. In these buildings the convicts
might be kept safe and separate, at the probable cost of little more
than £34 per cell. Similar prisons might be run up anywhere, so that the
entire number of convicts for whom accommodation was required might be
housed for about two hundred thousand pounds. Colonel Jebb accompanied
this proposal with certain figures as an off-set against this outlay. He
assumed that the maintenance, including every item, would amount to
£158,000, but their earnings would be £180,000. The balance was
therefore a gain of £22,000--a sufficient interest on the original cost
of the prison buildings. These figures were speculative, of course, nor
were they found exactly accurate in practice; the cost of maintenance
proved undoubtedly higher than thus estimated, but in return the
earnings were also considerably more.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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