Prisons Over Seas: Deportation and Colonization; British and American Prisons of To-dayGriffiths, Arthur
History
Prisons Over Seas: Deportation and Colonization; British and American Prisons of To-day
Griffiths, Arthur
Convict ships; Penal colonies; Prisons -- Great Britain -- History; Prisons -- United States -- History
Three years later, in March, 1850, Colonel Jebb reported to the
Secretary of State that he had provided room for eight hundred and forty
prisoners at Portland. The main buildings consisted of four large open
halls, eighty-eight feet long by twenty-one broad, having four tiers of
cells on each side. The interiors of the halls were well ventilated and
could be warmed; the cells were seven feet by four, and furnished with
hammocks, tables and shelves for books. The cells were divided by
partitions of corrugated iron, and were sufficient to secure the
effectual separation of the men at night, and to admit of their taking
their meals in them, and reading or otherwise occupying themselves after
working hours, until they went to bed. In addition to the cell
accommodation there was, of course, full provision for officers'
quarters, chapel, kitchen, laundries and stores. Moreover, ample space
was reserved "within the boundary wall for the erection of additional
buildings, so as to increase the number of convicts to twelve or fifteen
hundred, if it should be found necessary or desirable." Everything was
now in fair working order. The foundation stone of the breakwater had
been laid in July, 1849, by Prince Albert, who visited the prison and
presented a Bible and prayer-book for use in its chapel; but till then,
and during the first year of the occupation of a "bleak and barren rock"
the convicts were chiefly employed in setting things straight within the
prison walls. They had to level parade grounds, make roads and
reservoirs, fit gates and doors, paint and clean up the whole
establishment. As soon as practicable they were set to work on the
breakwater. "The stone," says Colonel Jebb, "is to be removed from the
quarries by means of several lines of railways, which are arranged in a
series of inclined planes from the summit to the point where the
breakwater joins the shore. The wagons will be raised and lowered by
wire ropes, working on 'drums,' placed at the head of each 'incline,'
the loaded train in its descent drawing up the empty one from the
breakwater."
In the general detail of work, the share that fell upon the convicts
was the plate-laying, levelling, forming embankments and excavations,
getting out and stacking the stone, filling the wagons, sending them
down and bringing them back from the incline. Some five hundred men were
so employed during the first year, 1849, and their earnings were
estimated at about fifteen thousand pounds.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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