Capture at sea; Contraband of war; Privateering; Prize law; Prizes (Property captured at sea)
The effect of the generous laws of distribution of this period
undoubtedly was to encourage adventure and privateering. The
voyages of the great sea captains of Elizabeth were fitted out
primarily for the sake of private gain from prizes. Preying on
Spanish Galleons not only satisfied the love of adventure of such
men as Hawkins, Drake and Raleigh but it also gave them wealth. So
long as their acts harmonized with the queen's policy she did not
care to inquire too closely into the strict legality of all their
seizures. This policy by which the queen not only made the navy
support itself but actually received income from it through her share
of prizes enabled Elizabeth to carry on her wars without any national
expense. Her reign is renowned for its economy and lack of taxation.
This doubtless added to its popularity and increased the sense of
nationalism in the English nation. During this period generous giving
of prize money was a valuable means of increasing the efficiency of
the navy and the national unity of England. The strict acts of the
latter part of Elizabeth's reign and their consistent enforcement
indicated genuine progress in the protection of neutral rights at sea
through governmental control.
_NOTES._
Chapter III, Part 3.
[1] Political History of England, William Hunt and Reginald Poole,
Editors, 12 Vols., London, 1910, v, 106.
[2] Rymer, Op. cit. xiii, 1326.
[3] Henry VIII, Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Master of
the Rolls, Great Britain, Director, 1524-1526, p. 33.
[4] Select Pleas of the Admiralty, Seldon Series, vi, 37.
[5] Ibid, vi, 82.
[6] Marsdon, English Historical Review, xxiv, 684.
[7] Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Mary, 1547-1580, p. 93.
[8] G. W. Prothero, Select Statutes and Other Documents, 3rd Edition,
Oxford, 1906, p. 464.
[9] Marsdon, English Historical Review, xxiv, 689, 697, also
Prothero, op. cit. p. 465.
[10] Marsdon, English Historical Review, xxiv, 689, 697.
[11] Select Pleas of the Admiralty, Seldon Series, xi, 107.
[12] Ibid. xi, 130.
[13] Ibid. xi, 17.
[14] Acts of the Privy Council, 1588-1589, New Series, xvii, 283, 413.
[15] Ibid. xvii, 357.
[16] Marsdon, English Historical Review, xxiv, 696.
[17] Select Pleas of the Admiralty, Seldon Series, xi, 204.
[18] Marsdon, English Historical Review, xxiv, 696.
[19] Vattel, The Law of Nations, English translation from French by
Joseph Chitty, Philadelphia, 1883, p. 285.
PART 4, 1603-1688.
a. Laws.
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