The Aegean sea was a nest of pirates and the profession was looked upon not only as a legitimate means of emolument but was even considered glorious.[22] They were frequently engaged in war as mercenaries. Thus Psammilicha was reinforced by Carian and Ionian pirates,[23] Euripidas and Aelotian employed pirates as mercenaries in 218 B.C.[24] and Polyxenidas the commander of the fleet of Antiocha entered into an alliance with Nicander, a pirate chief who contributed five decked ships in 190 B.C.[25] In such cases of course the state surrendered all right in controlling the distribution of prize money or of itself sharing in the proceeds. The Rhodian sea laws[26] are said to have been effective in the third century B.C. in temporarily freeing the sea of Pirates[27] and giving opportunity for considerable commercial advancement. Unfortunately these laws have been almost entirely lost so we do not know what measures were taken for disposing of the captured pirate vessels or other enemy goods that might be considered prize. It seems that the theory of the states control over prize applied in naval as in land war but that in practice government authority at no period of ancient Greek history extended very effectively over the seas for any considerable length of time and that private property was for the most part at the tender mercies of the pirates. _NOTES._ Chapter I, Part 1. [1] Grotius, Hugo. De Jure Belli et Pacis. 3 Vols. Original and English translation from the Latin by William Whewell. Cambridge, England, lib. iii, c vi, p. 104. [2] Op. cit. iii, 123. [3] Heroditus, ix, 79, quoted in Grotius, op. cit. iii, 123. [4] Plutarch, Lysander, 442 a, quoted ibid. [5] Xenophon, de Lacedemonia Republica, c 13, n 11, quoted ibid. [6] Virgil, Aeneid, ix, 268, quoted ibid. [7] Homer, Iliad, v, 331, quoted ibid. [8] Euripides, Rhes. v, 182, quoted ibid. [9] Pliny, xxxiii, 3, quoted ibid. [10] Coleman Phillipson. The International Law and Custom of Ancient Greece and Rome. 2 Vols. London, 1911. [11] Heroditus, ix, 80, 81, quoted in Phillipson, op. cit. ii, 237. [12] Thucidides, iii, 114; Heroditus, viii, 11, 123; Plutarch, Alcibiades, 7; Plato, Synp. 220; quoted in Plato op. cit. ii, 237. [13] Hershey, Amos S. The History of International Relations During Antiquity and the Middle Ages. American Journal of International Law, 1911, v. 915. [14] Homer, Iliad, lib ii, quoted in Blackstone, Commentaries, i, 259. [15] Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City, English Translation from French by Willard Small, 10th Edition, Boston, 1901, p. 293. [16] Wheaton, History of the Law of Nations, New York, 1845, p. 5. Walker, History of the Law of Nations, Cambridge, Eng., 1899, p. 41. [17] "To a king or commander nothing is unjust which is useful." Thucydides, History, lib vi, quoted in Wheaton, History, p. 5; see also Hershey, op. cit. American Journal of International Law, v. 915. [18] Phillipson, op. cit. ii, 381.