As regards practice we have Walpole 149 and the Greek patriots of our own century 150 analogous to the case of Demosthenes 150 The end justified the means 151 Low average of Greek national morality 152 Demosthenes above it 152 Deep effect of his rhetorical earnestness 153 The perfection of his art is to be apparently natural 153 CHAPTER VIII. Alexander the Great. The further course of Greek history 155 Droysen's _Geschichte des Hellenismus_ 155 This period much neglected by English historians 155 Nature of our authorities 156 Alexander's place in history still disputed 157 Grote's unfairness in accepting evidence against him 157 Droysen's estimate 158 Tendency to attribute calculation to genius 158 Its spontaneity 159 Alexander's military antecedents 159 He learns to respect Persian valour and loyalty 160 He discovers how to fuse the nations in Alexandria 160 His development of commerce 161 Diffusion of gold 161 Development of Alexander's views 162 His romantic imagination 162 No pupil of Aristotle 162 His portentous activity 163 Compared with Napoleon 163 and Cromwell 164 Use of artillery 164 Vain but not envious 165 His assumption of divinity questioned 165 An ordinary matter in those days 166 Perhaps not asserted among the Greeks 166 CHAPTER IX. Post-Alexandrian Greece. Tumults of the Diadochi: their intricacy 168 their wide area 169 The liberation of Greece 169 Spread of monarchies 169 The three Hellenistic kingdoms 170 New problems 171