are pupating or nearly full-grown they often get killed unless protected. Some writers speak of a difference between the early and later broods, but I have never noticed this, and I do not think that the general tone of the yellow is affected by the seasons (see Tutt, _Ent. Rec._, IX, 1897, p. 37).[5] Beginning at the south of Spain the thoroughly fulvous type _egeria_ is common at Gibraltar in the Cork woods, at Granada, and doubtless generally. Lederer is said to have found only this type in Spain (Speyer), and though I have no precise information as to other places in the Peninsula north of Jaen I feel tolerably sure that there is no change from south to north.[6] Immediately north of the Pyrenees we still meet _egeria_ exclusively, and up to Poitiers at least there is no noticeable change. But somewhere between Poitiers and the bottom of the Loire valley at Tours, the genuine southern type comes to an end, and the whole population begins at the Loire to be of an intermediate type, easy to distinguish both from _egeria_ and from _egerides_. As to the exact condition of the species in the fifty miles separating St. Savin on the Vienne from places on the Loire I have no adequate information. I have only one small sample from there, but it does contain insects both of the southern and intermediate types taken on the same day, in a wood near Preuilly. Oberthür also states that at Nantes the true southern form exists in company with the northern. From this I infer that the southern form extends up the coast further than it does inland, but I imagine the representative spoken of as northern would be of usual Brittany or intermediate type. The Vienne river joins the Loire, so the true southern type reaches over into the basin of the Loire. From the Loire (Tours, Corméry) north to Calvados (Balleroy) only the intermediate is found, so far as I know, and the same type extends over Brittany.[7] In general, however, the woods near Paris have the thoroughly northern type _egerides_, but at St. Germain-en-Laye and at Etampes (Oberthür) the population approaches the intermediate type. On the whole the intermediate type is certainly less homogeneous than either of the extremes, and females with the two central spots either paler or more fulvous than the rest are not uncommon, but I have never taken one on the Loire or in Brittany which I should class with either of the extreme types.