Persian Gulf, the, 25. Peru, 2, 10, 92, 150, 151 _et seq._, 160. occupied by Spaniards, 154. Peruvians, the, 8, 137. and the elimination of the fighting instinct, 111. Spanish description of, 152. Pescadores, the, acquired by Japan, 38. Philippine garrison, the, 190. Philippines, the, 3, 4, 12, 104, 259. Anson's attempt to subdue, 91. the Spaniards at, 104. United States acquire, 82. Pizarro, Francisco, 153, 156. "Places at table," 118. "Places in the sun," 118. Plague, the, 59. Dr Francis Fremantle on, 60. Prof. W. J. Simpson on, 61. Polk, President, 73. Polo, Marco, 49, 103. Polynesia, 94. Pope of Rome exchanges greetings with Chinese Grand Khan, 50. Portugal: trade relations with Japan, 38. Poutrincourt, 166. Power, Senator, 196. Prayers for rain, 106. Preventive medicine as aid to population, 118. Protection, a rigid system of, 226. Quebec, 166. captured by Admiral Kirk, 166. restored to France, 167. the capital of "New France," 166. Queensland annexes New Guinea, 134. Race-mixture, instinct against, 20. Race troubles in Canada, 233. Races, psychology of, 35. Raffles, Sir Stamford, 96. Rain, prayers for, 106. Raw levies, uselessness of, 197. Republicanism in China, 54, 55. Mr Kwei Chih on, 55 (footnote). Richelieu, 166. Rocky Mountains, the, 169, 243. _Roebuck_, the, 104. Roman Catholics in Canada, 168. Roman invasion of Britain, 87, 88. Romanised Britons, 88. _Rosanna_, the, conveys pioneers to New Zealand, 123. Rurik, 22. Russia, 3, 4. and a Pacific Fleet, 213. and Great Britain, _entente_ between, 199. and India, 18. and Japan, 25, 26. and Napoleon, 24. and Siberia, 25. and the Mediterranean, 18, 23. and the Napoleonic invasion, 16, 17. and the Pacific, 10. and the Persian Gulf, 25. army of, 186, 187. British dread of, 18. British maritime intercourse with, 214. Cross versus Crescent, 23. early European civilisations, 21. European jealousy of, 5. expansion of, 19. mistrust of European Powers, 24. future position of, in the Pacific, 29. Great Britain's alarm of, 24, 25. Greeks and Romans in, 21. in Constantinople, 23. interior of, 21. invasion of the Turks, 23. Lord Salisbury on, 16. national heroes of, 22. naval strategy of, 261. navy of, 176. race-mixture in, 20. religious faith, 22. service to civilisation, 23. the avenger of the White Races, 23. war with Japan, 7, 19, 25 _et seq._, 265. Russian intentions on Mongolia, 211. Russians, faith of the, 23. Russo-Japanese War, the, 7, 19, 25 _et seq._, 265. difficulties of Russians, 29. St Francis Xavier, 37. St Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of, 167. St Helena, Napoleon in, 18. St Lawrence, the, 165. Saito, Baron, 46. Salisbury, Lord, 16. Sandwich Islands, 77. San Francisco, 91, 260. Satsuma, revolt of the, 38. Sea of Japan, 260, 261.