Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology) — John Shaqi
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology)Various
Science
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology)
Various
Zoology -- Periodicals
_Batrachoseps pacificus_ is a larger species than _Batrachoseps
attenuatus_. Its general appearance, owing to the greater broadness
of head and body, is very suggestive of the various species of
_Plethodon_. This resemblance is carried further in one specimen by
the presence of five digits on one hind foot. Structurally, however,
the species is a true _Batrachoseps_; that is to say, the tongue is
adherent anteriorly, the digits are normally 4-4, the premaxillary is
single, and there is a large parietal fontanelle.
_Diagnosis._--Costal grooves usually seventeen (rarely sixteen
or eighteen); head much broader than body; color yellowish brown
above, white or yellow below.
_Description._--General form elongate, slender; body cylindric
or somewhat flattened; tail conical, a little longer than
head and body; head depressed, rather broad, nearly circular
in outline from above; snout rounded or truncate from above,
truncate and high in profile; eyes large and rather prominent,
separated anteriorly by about the length of the orbital slit;
nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by a little
more than their distance from orbits; a very indistinct subnasal
groove, not extending to margin of lip; upper jaw overhanging
lower; line of lip nearly straight to below eye, then deflected
downward; palatine teeth in 2 nearly straight very oblique
series which nearly meet on the median line posteriorly and
anteriorly do not extend to the internal nares; parasphenoid
teeth separated by a narrow space posteriorly but confluent
anteriorly, extending nearly to the palatine series; internal
nares rather small, in front of the anterior ends of the
series of palatine teeth; tongue large, oval, not emarginate,
attached along the median line, free laterally and posteriorly;
neck not distinct from body, with several vertical and 2 or
3 longitudinal grooves; gular fold well marked, continued
forward on side of neck to eye; 1 or 2 indistinct grooves
anterior to gular fold; costal grooves between limbs usually
17, occasionally 16 or 18,[2] continued nearly to midline on
back and belly; limbs short, weak, each with 4 digits; digits
with rounded knob-like ends, inner digit short, rudimental,
others well-developed, second and fourth nearly equal, third
longest, web small or absent; tail more slender than body, with
well-marked lateral grooves; a more or less indistinct dorsal
longitudinal groove, most distinct on neck and pelvic region;
skin smooth with minute pits; adpressed limbs widely separated.
[Footnote 2: In fifty specimens the costal grooves are 17 in
forty, 16 in six, and 18 in four.]
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