Even before this the beginning stages were treated with fair prospects of success, and it is a lamentable fact that in many cases the import of these seemingly trivial symptoms has been underestimated. _Rest_ is of the greatest importance during the very first stages of the disease in which the attending symptoms are of so indefinite a character that it is almost impossible to know whether hip-joint inflammation will develop or not; the child must not be allowed to walk. Aside from this the application of brine-, malt- and sea-water baths is advised. An abundance of nourishing food is of just as great importance. All this will also retain its significance in the future. Formerly recourse to surgery has been taken during the later stages of the disease in which suppuration of the internal parts of the joint has commenced and large parts of the diseased bones may have become mortified. An incision is made into the joint, the same is exposed and all diseased portions are carefully removed. In the future this operation must probably also be performed, although with the difference that the prospects of success are now much more certain than formerly when relapses only too often followed the operation. _Tuberculous inflammation of the knee-joint_ is, as said before, very frequent with children and is rather lingering in the beginning. Here also a slight dragging or limping of the diseased leg can be noticed. The child when asked about the limping, or of its own accord, complains of pain in the joint after walking or when the part is pressed; at first nothing abnormal can be seen on the knee by the layman. On closer examination, however, by comparing the two knees it will be found that the grooves on each side of the patella, which give the healthy knee-joint the beautifully modeled shape, have nearly or quite disappeared; nothing more can be noticed. The hinderance in motion may be so insignificant, that the children may slightly limp about for weeks and months and complain but little. Generally the physician is not called until the limb begins to hurt and swell after continued exertion. The swelling which in the beginning is hardly noticeable is now more plainly visible, the knee-joint is evenly rounded and quite sensitive to pressure. If the disease is not now properly treated, its further course will be as follows: the patient may perhaps linger for several months; then comes a period when he must keep to his bed uninterruptedly because moving results in too much pain; generally the limb becomes more and more bent.