Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net +------------------------------------------------------------+ | Transcriber's Note | | | | Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in | | this text. For a complete list, please see the bottom of | | this document. | | Text printed using the Greek alphabet in the original book | | is shown as follows: [Greek: logos] | +------------------------------------------------------------+ PROGRESS AND HISTORY _ESSAYS ARRANGED AND EDITED_ BY F. S. MARVIN LATE SENIOR SCHOLAR OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD AUTHOR OF 'THE LIVING PAST' EDITOR OF 'THE UNITY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION' 'Tanta patet rerum series et omne futurum Nititur in lucem.' LUCAN. _THIRD IMPRESSION_ HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE CAPE TOWN BOMBAY 1919 PRINTED IN ENGLAND AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PREFACE This volume is a sequel to _The Unity of Western Civilization_ published last year and arose in the same way, from a course of lectures given at the Woodbrooke Settlement, Birmingham. The former book attempted to describe some of the permanent unifying factors which hold our Western civilization together in spite of such catastrophic divisions as the present war. This book attempts to show these forces in growth. The former aimed rather at a statical, the present at a dynamical view of the same problem. Both are historical in spirit. It is hoped that these courses may serve as an introduction to a series of cognate studies, of which clearly both the supply and the scope are infinite, for under the general conception of 'Progress in Unity' all great human topics might be embraced. One subject has been suggested for early treatment which would have especial interest at the present time, viz. 'Recent Progress in European Thought'. We are by the war brought more closely than before into contact with other nations of Europe who are pursuing with inevitable differences the same main lines of evolution. To indicate these in general, with stress on the factor of betterment, is the aim of the present volume. F.S.M. CONTENTS PAGE I. THE IDEA OF PROGRESS 7 By F. S. MARVIN. II. PROGRESS IN PREHISTORIC TIMES 27 By R. R. MARETT, Reader in Social Anthropology, Oxford. III. PROGRESS AND HELLENISM 48 By F. MELIAN STAWELL, late Lecturer at Newnham College, Cambridge. IV. PROGRESS IN THE MIDDLE AGES 72