The Patagonians differ from most Indian races in their observance of
certain hygienic laws. They sleep upon beds made of guanaco skins, in
tents that are kept fairly clean. Men, women and children indulge in
a cold bath every morning in the year. This practice, in addition to
aiding materially in building up and maintaining the splendid physical
constitutions for which they are noted, enables them to withstand
more easily the rigors of the severe climate. Their occupation is
that of hunting the ostrich, guanaco and other animals indigenous to
the territory. The flesh of the game is used for food, and the skins
converted into robes and rugs, which they market at Punta Arenas, and
for which they receive good prices. They are skillful hunters and the
method they employ in hunting ostriches and guanacos is unique. They
possess firearms, both rifles and revolvers, and are not unskilled in
their use; they also carry swords, daggers and lances, which are used
only when dismounted, and none of which are employed in the chase.
Ostriches and animals are pursued on horseback, the hunter carrying a
“bola,” which on near approach to the object of his pursuit he hurls
with unerring aim, seldom failing to stun and entangle the bird or
beast until it becomes an easy victim to his knife or lance. The bola,
which is peculiar to Patagonia, consists of three round stones, or
metal balls, the size of an orange, covered with rawhide. To each of
these is fastened a plaited rawhide rope six feet in length. The ends
of these ropes are united and fastened to a lasso. The hunter before
casting the bola takes it in one hand and by swinging it rapidly over
his head sends the balls rotating in the air with great velocity. He
then casts it as the vaquero does his lasso. When it strikes, the
revolving balls wrap the thongs tightly about the object of the chase,
entangling it and putting a stop to its flight. The hunter then rides
along by the side of the entrammeled prey and dispatches it. It is an
exciting scene to see a Patagonian mounted upon a fleet pony racing
across the pampa in pursuit of an ostrich. It possesses elements of
sport that are peculiarly attractive to one who is fond of hunting.
These people have no religious creed and do not believe in a personal
God. There is a tradition among them that there is a great good spirit
who created them, but they have no well-defined creed, and religious
feasts are unknown among them. They believe in the sanctity of animals,
but do not worship any of them. They have a superstitious dread of
demons, whom they try to propitiate through the mediation of medicine
men, to whom only the demons are supposed to be visible. Charms and
talismans are worn as a means of warding off evil spirits. They are
ignorant of culture and conventionalities, yet they are not ungrateful
or inhospitable. They never give presents, nor will they receive favors
from others.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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