Problem of relation between Orpheus and Dionysos. Analogy and contrast between the two. Orpheus a Thracian; a magical musician. Possible Cretan origin of Orpheus. The island route from Crete to Thrace. The death of Orpheus. Representations on vase-paintings. Orpheus an enemy of the Maenads. His burial and the cult at his tomb. His oracle at Lesbos. His relation to Apollo. Orpheus a real man, a reformer, and possibly a martyr; heroized but never deified. Orpheus as reformer of Bacchic rites. Influence of Orphism at Athens. New impulse brought by Orphism into Greek religion. Spiritualization of the old Dionysiac doctrine of divine possession. Contrast with the anthropomorphism of Homer and Pindar. Consecration the keynote of Orphic religion, pp. 455-478. CHAPTER X. ORPHIC AND DIONYSIAC MYSTERIES. Our chief source a fragment of the _Cretans_ of Euripides. The Idaean Zeus the same as Zagreus. The _Omophagia_ or feast of raw flesh. The bull-victim. Bull-worship in Crete. The Minotaur. Evidence of Clement of Alexandria as to the _Omophagia_. Narrative of Firmicus Maternus. Analogous _Omophagia_ among primitive Arabs. Account of Nilus. Sacramental union with the god by eating his flesh. Reminiscences of human sacrifice in Greek tradition. The Titans and the infant Zagreus. The Titans white-earth men. The smearing with gypsum. The Orphic doctrine of the dismembered god. The Mountain Mother. Her image on a Cretan seal impression. The Kouretes her attendants. The final consecration of the mystic. Meaning of the word ὁσιωθείς, ‘consecrated.’ Orphic taboos. Orphic formalism. Parody of Orphic rites of initiation in the _Clouds_ of Aristophanes. The ‘shady side’ of Orphism. The Liknophoria. Dionysos Liknites. Symbolism of the _liknon_. Purification, rebirth. The _liknon_ and the Homeric _ptyon_. The _liknon_ in marriage ceremonies. The Sacred Marriage. Orphic elements in Eleusinian Ritual. Iacchos at Eleusis. The Liknophoria at Eleusis. The Sacred Marriage and the Sacred Birth at Eleusis. Thessalian influence, Brimo. Thracian influence, Eumolpos. Dionysos at Eleusis. As child, and as grown man. The pantomime element in the cult of Dionysos. Its influence on the Eleusinian Mysteries, pp. 479-572. CHAPTER XI. ORPHIC ESCHATOLOGY.