It was not only the Olympian Father Zeus who victoriously took over to
himself the cult of the Earth-Mother and the Earth-Maidens. Even more
marked is the triumph of the Olympian Son, Apollo[825]. The design
in fig. 93 is from a rather late red-figured amphora in the Naples
Museum[826]. A wayfarer, possibly Orestes, has come to Delphi to consult
the god; he finds him seated on the very omphalos itself, holding the
laurel and the lyre in his hands. So Hermes found him in the prologue to
the _Ion_ of Euripides[827]:
‘To Delphi, where
Phoebus, on earth’s mid navel o’er the world
Enthronèd, weaveth in eternal song
The sooth of all that is or is to be.’
The vase-painter knows quite well that it is really a priestess who
utters the oracles. Only a priestess can mount the sacred tripod, and he
paints her so seated, the laurel wreath on her head and the sacred taenia
in her hand, but he knows also that Apollo is by this time Lord of All.
[Illustration: FIG. 94.]
In the _Eumenides_ of Aeschylus, where the contest is between the old
angry ghosts, the Erinyes envisaged as merely the spirits of the blood
feud, and the mild and merciful god, our sympathies are at least in part
with the new-comer. But even here, so stately and yet so pitiful are
the ancient goddesses that our hearts are sore for the outrage on their
order. And on the vase-painting, when we remember that the omphalos is
the very seat and symbol of the Earth-Mother[828], that hers was the
oracle and hers the holy oracular snake that Apollo slew, the intrusion
is hard to bear.
The triumph of the Olympian order is still more clearly presented in
the design in fig. 94, from a votive relief[829] in the local Museum at
Sparta. The centre of the design is occupied by the omphalos on a low
basis. It looks very humble and obscure. At either side of it are perched
new guardians, the great eagles of Olympian Zeus. The story[830] said
that starting from either end of the world they met at Pytho, at the
omphalos. The birds were variously said to be swans or eagles. Neither
swans nor eagles have anything to do with the Earth-goddess; they are
Ouranian eagles for Zeus or swans for Apollo, and, standing over the
omphalos, they mark the dominion of the Father and the Son. But the
artist has uttered his meaning still more emphatically. Towering over the
omphalos is the great figure of Apollo with his lyre. He holds out a cup,
and libation to him is poured by his sister Artemis. The Olympian victory
is complete.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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