Reliefs of the ‘Hero-Feast’ type are all of late date. The earliest one
is doubtfully assigned to the end of the 5th century; the great majority
are much later. The reason is not far to seek. In the fine period of
Greek Art, the period to which we owe most of the grave-reliefs found at
Athens, hero-worship is submerged. It is a time of rationalism, and the
funeral monuments of that time tend to represent this life rather than
the next. I have tried elsewhere to show that early Attic grave-reliefs
are cast in the _type_ of the Sparta hero-reliefs, but nowhere in Attic
grave-reliefs of the 5th century do we find the dead heroized. But once
the age of reason past, hero-worship re-emerged, and it would seem in
greater force than before.
In the fine period of art hero-reliefs do exist, but not as funeral
monuments. One of the earliest and finest[913] we possess is represented
in fig. 107. It is not at all of the same type as the ‘Hero-Feast,’ and
is figured here partly for its beauty and interest, partly to mark the
contrast. A hero occupies the central place, leading his horse, followed
by his hound. That he _is_ a hero we are sure, for in front of him is
his low, omphalos-like altar, and to the left a worshipper approaches.
Unhappily there is no inscription, but yet we are tempted to give the
hero a name.
[Illustration: FIG. 107.]
Horse and horseman are set against a rocky background. The marble
of which the relief is made is Pentelic, the style Attic, with many
reminiscences of the Parthenon marbles. It is therefore not too bold to
see in the rocky background a slope of the Acropolis. To the right above
the hero is a seated figure, with only the lower part of the body draped.
Zeus is so represented and Asklepios. Zeus has no shrine in the slopes
of the Acropolis, nor is it probable he would be depicted on a relief of
this date seated in casual fashion as a spectator. The figure is almost
certainly Asklepios. Given that the figure is Asklepios, the narrative of
Pausanias[914] supplies the clue to the remaining figures. ‘Approaching
the Acropolis by this road, next after the sanctuary of Asklepios is the
temple of Themis, and in front of this temple is a mound upreared as a
monument to Hippolytos.’ Then Pausanias tells the story of Phaedra and
Hippolytos; he does not actually mention the sanctuary of Aphrodite, but
he says ‘the old images were not there in my time, but those I saw were
the work of no obscure artists.’ Images of course presuppose a sanctuary,
and such a sanctuary we now know from inscriptions and votive offerings
found on the spot to have existed, and that it was dedicated to Aphrodite
Pandemos. The figures on the relief exactly correspond to the account
of Pausanias. To the right, i.e. to the East, the figure of Asklepios;
next Themis with her temple, clearly indicated by the two columns between
which she stands; immediately in front of her Hippolytos with his sacred
altar-mound.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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