Philia, the Friendly One, is mother not wife of Zeus Philios, ‘Zeus the
Friendly’; it is the old matriarchal relation of Mother and Son (p. 273).
But the dedicators, wedded themselves no doubt after patriarchal fashion,
seem to feel a need that Zeus Philios should be married; they give him
not his natural shadow-wife Philia—she has been used up as mother—but
Tyche Agathe, ‘Good Fortune.’ In the procession of worshippers there are
two women with a man between them: probably they are his mother and wife
and wish to see their relation to him mirrored in their dedication. But
they are content with the traditional type of Hero-Feasts, possibly the
only type that the conservative workman kept in stock in his workshop.
It is worth noting that this interesting relief came from a precinct
of Asklepios in Munychia down at the Peiraeus, the same precinct which
yielded the snake reliefs (figs. 1 and 2) dedicated to Meilichios. There
were also found the relief in fig. 4, several reliefs adorned with
snakes only, some reliefs representing Asklepios, and various ritual
inscriptions. The precinct seems to have become a sort of melting-pot of
gods and heroes. Tyche we know at Lebadeia as the wife of the Agathos
Daimon, the Good or Rich Spirit, and it is curious to note that Zeus
on the relief holds a cornucopia, symbol of plenty. His other title
_Epiteleios_ points the same way. Hesychius[917] tells us that the word
ἐπιτελείωσις means the same as αὔξησις, ‘increase,’ and Plato[918] gives
the name ἐπιτελειώσεις, ‘accomplishments,’ to family feasts held in
thanksgiving for the birth _and welfare_ of children.
It seems obvious that the precinct once belonged to a hero, worshipped
under the form of a snake, and as Meilichios, god of the wealth of the
underworld—a sort of Agathos Daimon or Good Spirit. He must have had two
other titles—Epiteleios, the Accomplished, and Philios, the Friendly
One. At some time or other Asklepios took over the shrine of Meilichios,
Philios, Epiteleios, as he took over the shrine of Amynos, but Zeus also
put in a claim and the two divided the honours of the place. The old
snake-hero was forgotten, overshadowed by the Olympian and the great
immigrant healer; but the Olympian does not wholly triumph. He cannot
change the local ritual, and he must consent to a certain interchange of
attributes.
[Illustration: FIG. 109.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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