_National or Government Right_ exists only where there is a presiding responsible government competent to treat with other governments, and to obey international law, and able to put down pirates and freebooters within the territory of the state. National or Government Right is evidently founded on the _utility_ of government power, and of national responsibility. _Individual Right_, or appropriation of land, arises from actual occupancy of the lands, more especially cultivation by labour. _Individual Right_ is founded on land being more advantageously employed and cultivated when divided and appropriated than when held in common, and on the claim which a person acquires to any article, not belonging to another, by expending his labour upon it. In some instances land has been cultivated in common by the tribe or district inhabitants, and sometimes the government has engrossed this right of property in land, and farmed it out in portions; but neither plan has been found to promote improvement so well as individual appropriation. The natives of New Zealand themselves admit, and every stranger who has been amongst them corroborates the fact, that they are incapable of combining and forming any thing like a responsible government fitted to treat with other governments, and to observe international law, or even to maintain any proper government authority within the territory of New Zealand. They have, therefore, no _national or government right_ to the New Zealand territory, and have only _individual right_ to those parts which they cultivate or derive some benefit from by occupancy. A native of New Zealand has no _right_ to the unappropriated wilderness of New Zealand more than any other person who may be standing beside him in that wilderness. But as the natives of New Zealand, in common with the natives of New South Wales and Tasmania, have got a sense of _right_ to these unappropriated territories, it is well to purchase their good will to the occupancy of these,--that is, their forbearance from molesting the occupiers; because, to take possession without doing so might lead to the sacrifice of life, and because it is even cheaper to hire their forbearance than to compel it by force. Any one purchasing their good will to a portion of territory has no _right_, however, to that territory, further than not to be molested by the natives; and unless he himself has settled on the grounds, grazed them with stock or cultivated them--the quantity of ground bearing a reasonable proportion to his stock or means of cultivating--he has no right to prevent any individual from taking occupancy and cultivating, and thus becoming _rightfully_ possessed of the same lands. Any one who has purchased the forbearance of the natives, and failed to occupy, and who out of revenge may instigate the natives against the person who does occupy, is manifestly guilty and answerable for the consequences. It is useless here to assert the _right_ which the imperative necessity