* This, as most of our readers are aware, is an imaginary
country at the other side of the world, where a state of
circumstances is supposed to exist productive of general
happiness--moral and physical--to all. The chief creator of
this modern Utopia, from which indeed the idea is
confessedly taken, is M. Cabet, whose book was published
during the year of the late revolution in France. It is
meant to be a grave essay on possible things, but could only
be considered so, we venture to think, in Paris, and only
there in times of unusual excitement. The means by which M.
Cabet and his followers suppose their peculiar society could
be established and maintained, are beyond conception false,
ludicrous, and puerile.
M. Cabet was obliged to leave France for a grave offence,
but found a refuge and no inconsiderable number of followers
in America, where, by the side of much that is excellent and
hopeful, flourishes, perhaps, under present circumstances,
as a necessary parallel, many of the wild and exploded
theories of the world.
Another form of Communism, and decidedly the coarsest, is this: throw
into a mass all the existing property, and then share it equally. It
is spoliation becoming the dominant and universal law. It is the
destruction, not only of property, but also of labour and of the springs
of action which induce men to work. This same Communism is so violent,
so absurd, so monstrous, that in truth I cannot believe it to be
dangerous. I said this some time ago before a considerable assembly of
electors, the great majority of whom belonged to the suffering classes.
My words were received with loud murmurs.
I expressed my surprise at it. 'What,' said they, 'dares M. Bastiat
say that Communism is not dangerous? He is then a Communist! Well, we
suspected as much, for Communists, Socialists, Economists, are all of
the same order, as it is proved by the termination of the words.' I had
some difficulty in recovering myself; but even this interruption proved
the truth of my proposition. No, Communism is not dangerous, when it
shows itself in its most naked form, that of pure and simple spoliation;
it is not dangerous, because it excites horror.
I hasten to say, that if Protection can be and ought to be likened to
Communism, it is not that which I am about to attack.
But Communism assumes a third form:--
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