Psychological Aspects of the Problem of Atmospheric Smoke PollutionWallin, J. E. Wallace (John Edward Wallace)
Science
Psychological Aspects of the Problem of Atmospheric Smoke Pollution
Wallin, J. E. Wallace (John Edward Wallace)
Human beings -- Effect of environment on; Smoke
Baltimore 26,466 58.7 1440 1018 142 2458
Boston 25,877 56.8 1398 1003 98 2401
Buffalo 23,200 49.7 1713 1324 157 3037
Chicago 26,442 57.9 1238 1282 116 2520
Cincinnati 26,758 58.6 1356 1202 81 2588
Cleveland 22,394 47.8 1584 1187 67 2771
Denver 29,355 65.9 645 1500 45 2145
Detroit 23,201 50.3 1477 1165 133 2642
Los Angeles 31,521 70.9 743 1404 258 2147
Louisville 25,715 56.8 1284 1094 233 2378
New Orleans 26,091 58.6 1045 1365 162 2410
New York 28,762 57.6 1279 1182 120 2461
Philadelphia 25,249 56.6 1369 1071 127 2440
Pittsburgh 22,573 49.0 1385 1294 185 2679
Portland, Me. 26,914 59.4 1321 1040 303 2361
San Francisco 25,453 56.3 900 1136 241 2036
St. Louis 24,957 58.7 1185 1019 42 2204
Washington D. C. 25,078 55.8 1088 1135 115 2223
It is observable that all the cities which have become notorious in the
matter of smoke pollution show a very low percentage of sunshine, the
worst conditions obtaining in the two cities having the most unsavory
reputation for smoke, viz., Cleveland and Pittsburgh. These two cities
consistently have the worst records for sunshine, for percentage of
possible sunshine and for cloudy and partly cloudy days (combined
totals). Unfortunately no meteorological data are available from
stations situated in non-smoke-producing centers whose geographical
conditions are similar to those obtaining in smoke-producing cities
like Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, Cincinnati and St. Louis. The
above data only enable us to compare the atmospheric conditions of one
smoky city with another smoky city or with cities whose geographical
surroundings are so different as to render the data useless for
comparative purposes. However, the data recently collected by the
Smoke Investigation of the University of Pittsburgh show, in complete
accordance with similar English findings, that the lessened amount of
sunshine in Pittsburgh is due to the smoke factor. Figures based on
the number of tons of coal consumed in Pittsburgh from 1905 to 1911
show a fair degree of parallelism between the quantity of coal consumed
and the number of smoky days. During the years in which an increasing
amount of coal has been burned (owing to the heightened cost of gas)
the hours of sunshine have fallen from about 2800 to 2200. Likewise
the days on which the United States Weather Bureau has observed
light or dark smoke in Pittsburgh, have increased as follows for the
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