(1) Content listed under any convenient heading as though it were _straight news or intelligence_ (2) Content epitomized as demonstrating _new propaganda technique_ (such as, "_Now_ they're trying to get us out of Tientsin by appeals to our isolationists!") (3) Content which may be useful in _counterpropaganda_ (such as, "They said that the Greeks are our witless puppets, so let's pass that along to the Greeks") (4) Significance of content for _intelligence analysis_ (examples: When the Japanese boasted about their large fish catch, it was an indication their fishing fleet was short of gasoline again, and that the fish catch was actually small; when the Nazis accused the Jews of sedition, it meant that rations were short and that the Nazi government was going to appease the populace by denying the Jews their scanty rations by way of contrast) e. _Mission_ (1) Nation, group, or person attacked (2) Relation to previous items with the same or related missions (3) Particular psychological approach used in this instance (such as wedge-driving between groups, or between people and leaders, or between armed services; or demoralization of audience in general; or decrease of listeners' faith in the news) (4) Known or probable connection with originator's propaganda plan or strategy [Illustration: _Figure 26: Religious Black._ Perhaps because of their contact with Americans who happened to be missionaries, the Japanese overemphasized the effect of religion on Americans. They attempted crude appeals on religious themes. It is doubtful that leaflets such as this had any practical effect. (Philippines, 1944-45.)] [Illustration: _Figure 27: Malingerer's Black._ One of the favored targets of black propaganda is the malingerer. Suspicion of successful malingering inevitably hurts the morale of a unit. Even if the enemy's instructions are not followed, the troops may suspect genuine psychoneurotics of having faked their troubles. Almost all participants in World War II issued such instructions; the Allied samples are not available for publication. This is a Japanese leaflet from the Philippines, 1944-45.] Such an outline would be useful only if it were applied in common-sense terms, without turning each item into an elaborate project and thus losing the woods in the trees. In most cases, it would suffice to state the item briefly for reference and study in the order of the entries. When poorly trained help is available, it is of course necessary to print or mimeograph a form to be used.