[3] Leon Wieger, S. J., _Textes Historiques_, Hsien-hsien, 1929, vol. 1, pp. 628-633. [4] The author's attention to this reference was drawn by an unpublished undated typescript article in the War Department files by Lt. Col. Samuel T. Mackall, Inf. [5] Lo Kuan-chung, _San Kuo chih Yen-i_, translated by C. H. Brewitt-Taylor as _San Kuo or Romance of the Three Kingdoms_, Shanghai, 1929, vol. 1, p. 46. [6] Recent writers on Genghis, such as Lamb, Vladimirtsov, Fox and Lattimore all credit the Mongols with a higher technological level of warfare than has been the custom among most Western historians. H. G. Wells' simple but compelling description of the Mongols in his _Outline of History_ is worth re-reading in this connection. [7] Petis de la Croix, _The History of Genghizcan the Great, First Emperor of the Antient Moguls and Tartars_ ..., London, 1722, p. 154. [8] Benedict Figken, _Historia Fanaticorum_, Danzig, 1664. [9] Philip Davidson's _Propaganda and the American Revolution_, Chapel Hill, 1941, is a careful scholarly study of this period. Comparable studies have not yet been written concerning other American wars. Military and civilian historians have a fascinating piece of research awaiting them in the material concerning Confederate and Federal psychological warfare. Each participant in the Civil War was vulnerable to the propaganda of the other. Subversive and clandestine pro-Confederate propaganda in the North is outlined in George Fort Milton's engrossing _Abraham Lincoln and the Fifth Column_, New York and Washington, D. C., 1942, but no comparable study covering all forms of propaganda on either side is yet available. [10] Various new editions of Paine's chief works are available in popular and inexpensive form. They are worth study as good propaganda. [11] In his _The Political Doctrines of Sun Yat-sen_, Baltimore, 1937, page 17 and following, this author attempted to present some of the relationships of ideology to other methods of social control and, in connection with that enterprise, was furnished by the philosopher, A.O. Lovejoy, with a definition of "ideology" more systematic and more elaborate than the one used here. [12] For example, in the 1920's the Soviet press expressed resentment and amusement over a ruse adopted by the British during the course of operations along the Northwest Frontier. Plane-mounted loudspeakers had told the tribesmen, in Pushtu, that God was mad at them for having broken the pledged peace, with the result that they scattered and gave up. This maneuver exasperated the Russians, who themselves were making equally sweeping propaganda inroads on the other side of the Pamirs. The Russians were attacking religion, and having heavy going; it struck them as improper warfare to make use of local superstition. [13] _Webster's New International Dictionary_, Second Edition, Springfield, 1944.