Reik, Theodor. _Geständniszwang und Strafbedürfnis: Probleme der Psychoanalyse und der Kriminologie_. Leipzig, etc., 1925. Outlines in masterly fashion the implications of the need for punishment and the compulsion to confess for criminology. Reik has also published extensively on religion from the psychoanalytical standpoint. Kohn, Erwin, _Lasalle der Führer_. Leipzig, etc., 1926. Alexander, Franz, and Staub, Hugo. _Der Verbrecher und seine Richter_. Vienna, 1929. A sketch of criminology from the psychoanalytical standpoint, drawing heavily on Alexander’s conception of the neurotic character, as distinguished from the neurotics who show hysteric or compulsive symptoms. Friedjung, Josef K. “Zur Psychologie des kleinen Politikers,” _Imago_, XIV (1928), 498-501. Among those who have undertaken from allied fields to apply psychoanalytic viewpoints may be mentioned William F. Ogburn, who read a paper before the economists in 1918; Thomas D. Eliot, sociologist; Harry Elmer Barnes, historical sociologist; E. D. Martin, social psychologist; Preserved Smith, historian; R. V. Harlow, historian; W. H. R. Rivers, ethnologist; and Theodore Schroeder, lawyer. See especially: Barnes, Harry Elmer. _The New History and the Social Studies_, chap. iii. New York, 1925. Discusses the bibliography in English. Swoboda, Hermann. “Zur Psychologie des Parlamentarismus,” _Oesterreichische Rundschau_, Band XIV, Heft 1, January 1, 1908. ----. “Die Kunst des Regierens,” _ibid._, Band XVII, December 15, 1908. ----. “Der Volksvertreter,” _ibid._, Band XXXII, Heft 3, August 1, 1912. These articles of Swoboda are the first well-considered applications of psychoanalysis to politics by a non-specialist. The first article treats the rôle of parliamentarism as “catharsis,” and specifically refers to the work of Breuer and Freud. Aside from specifically psychoanalytical efforts to interpret individuals and collective trends, there have been many efforts on the part of other psychiatrists and physicians, or their followers, to offer such interpretations. The whole literature of “pathography” is abstracted and discussed here: Lange-Eichbaum, Wilhelm. _Genie-Irrsinn, und Ruhm._ Leipzig, 1928. Students of politics will be most interested in the references and abstracts concerning Rousseau, Alexander the Great, Amenhotep IV, Bismarck, Blücher, emperors and princes, Frederick the Great, Lincoln, Loyola, Ludwig II of Bavaria, Napoleon, and Robespierre. Möbius put “pathography” on a scientific basis. The following is one of the best of the “pathographies,” since it stresses the diseased aspects of the personality in the perspective of the total development of the subject’s career: Heidenhain, Adolf, _J.-J. Rousseau, Persönlichkeit, Philosophie and Psychose_, “Grenzfragen des Nerven-und Seelenlebens,” Heft 117. Munich, 1924.