Transcriber’s Notes Italic text displayed as: _italic_ PUBLIC HEALTH AND INSURANCE: AMERICAN ADDRESSES BY SIR ARTHUR NEWSHOLME, K.C.B., M.D., F.R.C.P. LECTURER ON PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION AT THE SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND; LATE PRINCIPAL MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, ENGLAND; PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH AND OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SOCIETY; EXAMINER IN PUBLIC HEALTH TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, AND IN STATE MEDICINE TO THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, MEMBER OF THE GENERAL MEDICAL COUNCIL, OF THE COUNCIL OF THE IMPERIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND, ETC. BALTIMORE THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS 1920 Copyright, 1920 By THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER PA. DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR (WITHOUT PERMISSION) TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE JOHN BURNS A LEADER IN PUBLIC HEALTH; WHO IN PARTICULAR MADE THE PUBLIC REALISE THE IMPORTANCE OF CONCENTRATING ON THE MOTHER AND HER CHILD PREFACE After more than three decades of work in preventive medicine and public health, the opportunity has arisen in connection with a year’s visit to America, to take a panoramic view of public health in England, of the progress which has been secured, of the factors which have impeded progress, and of the pressing desiderata for more efficient future action. During my stay in America I have had the privilege of addressing public audiences in every part, from New Orleans to Toronto, and from New York and Boston to San Francisco and Seattle; as well as more special audiences at Johns Hopkins University, at Saranac and at Harvard, California, Washington, and Yale Universities; and at the request of many friends some of the addresses given to these audiences are now published in volume form. These addresses briefly outline some of the lessons of long experience, and although the conditions under which they were delivered rendered complete exposition impracticable, there are, I think, advantages in not overloading the presentation for public consideration of a many-sided subject.