Public health embraces some eugenic elements, and may comprise more when eugenists have accumulated adequate non-fallacious evidence on which to base valid conclusions. Already partial steps are being taken to secure the segregation and prevent the propagation of the feeble-minded and the insane; and in sorting out congenital infection from true heredity action is being taken to avoid congenital syphilis and to prevent the large number of still-births due to this race poison. Public health in the main is concerned primarily with the environmental measures calculated to prevent the attack of man by disease, whether pre-natal or post-natal. These measures may be industrial, as in the prevention of accidents, of dust, of noxious vapours; or sanitary, as in the control of water supplies, food, or milk, and in the removal of organic filth; or may be the application of preventive medicine against infectious and non-infectious diseases; or therapeutic, consisting of the prompt and adequate treatment of all illnesses and the curtailment of the incompetence due to them; or educational, consisting, first in importance, in the training of medical practitioners, of public health officials, and nurses; and, next, in the education of the general public and especially of the children in our schools, in the science and practice of public health. Advances in public health in many directions can only be secured by continued and extended medical research, and public health, therefore, has a direct and immediate interest in promoting and subsidizing such research. These being the objects of public health, how far have we travelled toward securing the end in view? I do not propose to myself the pleasant task of showing to what extent the general death-rate has been lowered, infant and child mortality greatly reduced, the duration of life extended, how typhus and smallpox have been almost eradicated, typhoid fever made a disappearing disease, and tuberculosis has become the cause of only half its former death rate. When inclined to indulge in such pleasant considerations, I recall the statement I have made elsewhere that one-half of the mortality and disablement still occurring at ages below seventy can be obviated by the application of medical knowledge already within our possession. Let me attempt the more difficult task of outlining the history of forms of administrative control of disease since 1834. _Reform in the Control of Poverty_ Poverty and disease work in a vicious circle in which cause and effect often change places; but it is certain that disease is one of the most fertile causes of poverty, using the word poverty in the sense of privation of one or other essential of physical well being.