8. Venus and Mars are always closely associated, and it is a lamentable fact that one heritage of the war will be a great increase of venereal diseases in our midst. In England we had become thoroughly aroused to the magnitude of this evil even in peace time. The report of the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases and the propaganda since actively carried out, have led to the taking of measures which I can only briefly enumerate. The duty has been imposed on every county and county borough council of providing aids to pathological diagnosis, and of providing clinics for the treatment of these diseases for all comers, irrespective of residential or monetary conditions. These clinics have been generally started throughout the country, and their use has been widely advertised and encouraged by propaganda in the form of lectures and addresses in factories and to various social groups, and by public advertisement. In addition an enactment has been secured absolutely prohibiting the treatment of venereal diseases except by qualified medical practitioners, and prohibiting the advertising or offering for sale of any remedy for venereal diseases. In addition, arsenobenzol preparations are supplied to medical practitioners who have experience in their use for their own patients. These measures do not cover the entire ground. The enforcement of police regulations against vice, the detention of infectious persons who cannot be trusted to refrain from spreading disease, the raising of the general standard of sexual morality—until public opinion demands that it shall be as high for men as for women—are among the reforms which are called for. In encouraging social reform in these directions Red Cross workers have a most fruitful field of work, and they can render invaluable assistance in removing a canker which at present eats into the vitals of the community, and is responsible for untold suffering in women and children, for premature old age and paralysis in men, and for a large share of the total inmates of our lunatic asylums. _The Mother and the Child_ 9. I have left myself but scant time to speak of what is at once a chief lesson of the war and the most pressing problem in the preventive medicine of the immediate future. I refer to the need for more complete protection of motherhood and childhood against the dangers besetting them.