It would be a mistake to assume that only since war began have efforts both by sanitary authorities and by voluntary agencies been made on a large scale to diminish infantile and maternal mortality. But during the war, and since it terminated, these efforts have been redoubled and are becoming universal; and there is opening out a prospect of safe maternity for mothers and of protected infancy for all newcomers on the stage of life. If only we are prepared to do what is almost immediately practicable for this end, death or injury associated with child-bearing will become rare, the loss of infant and child life will be halved, and what is still more important, mothers and infants will cease to be damaged by neglect or ignorance at critical periods of their life, and will not become burdens to themselves and to the community. This is no visionary dream. Past experience shows that it is within reach. What other interpretations can be placed on the facts revealed in official reports? I am unable to quote Canadian figures; but I am justified in assuming that differences similar to these I am about to quote from my own reports exist also here. The average number of deaths of mothers from complications arising during pregnancy, and at or after confinement, are one maternal death for every 250 infants born alive. In some parts of England instead of four mothers, six or even eight or nine mothers die for every thousand infants born. There are marked differences in maternal mortality in neighbouring towns and districts; and the only conclusion which fits in with the facts is that, in many parts of the country, the arrangements for medical attendance on mothers at and before their confinement are inadequate or deficient in quality or both.