FORT MICHILLIMACKINAC AND FORT HOLMES, MACKINAC ISLAND, MICHIGAN 131 FORT MASSAC, ON THE OHIO, NEAR METROPOLIS, ILLINOIS 141 WEST POINT, ITS ENVIRONS, AND STONY POINT, NEW YORK 147 FORT CONSTITUTION (FORT WILLIAM AND MARY), GREAT ISLAND, NEAR PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE 161 FORTS TRUMBULL AND GRISWOLD, NEW LONDON AND GROTON, ON THE THAMES, CONNECTICUT 167 FORT MIFFLIN, ON THE DELAWARE, PHILADELPHIA 173 FORT MCHENRY, BALTIMORE 180 FORT MARION, ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA 190 LA FUERZA, MORRO CASTLE, AND OTHER DEFENCES, HAVANA, CUBA 201 FORT SAN CARLOS DE BARRANCAS, PENSACOLA BAY, FLORIDA 207 THE PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO, GOLDEN GATE, CALIFORNIA 215 FORT ADAMS AND NEWPORT’S DEFENSIVE RUINS, NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND 222 FORT MONROE, OLD POINT COMFORT, VIRGINIA 232 FORTS SUMTER AND MOULTRIE, NEAR CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA 241 FORT PULASKI, AT MOUTH OF SAVANNAH RIVER, GEORGIA 251 FORT MORGAN, MOBILE BAY, ALABAMA 257 FORTS JACKSON AND ST. PHILIP, AT MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI, LOUISIANA 263 FORT SNELLING, NEAR ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 268 FORT LARAMIE, AT THE FORKS OF THE PLATTE RIVER, WYOMING 273 THE ALAMO AND FORT SAM HOUSTON, SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 279 OTHER WESTERN FORTS: FORT PHIL KEARNEY, NEBRASKA; FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS; FORT FETTERMAN, WYOMING; FORT BRIDGER, WYOMING; FORT KEOGH, MONTANA; FORT DOUGLAS, UTAH 285 FORT VANCOUVER, ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON 290 FORT YUMA, AT HEAD OF NAVIGATION, COLORADO RIVER, CALIFORNIA 295 VALLEY FORGE--YORKTOWN--VICKSBURG--LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN-- GETTYSBURG--THE “CRATER” 299 INDEX 305 ILLUSTRATIONS The Ancient Watch-tower of Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida _Frontispiece_ (By courtesy of the St. Augustine Historical Society) Mighty Louisburg To-day, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia: To Sea from the Ruined Walls 2 All That Remains Standing 2 Water-front of Present-day Detroit 16 Where Indian Canoes and the Palisades of the French Were.