[120] THE PROPRAETOR OF LUGDUNUM. Augustus divided all the provinces of the empire into two classes: the imperial and senatorial. The management of the former he undertook himself, confiding the latter to the senate. “In one respect, he had selected for himself those most difficult to govern, either because the inhabitants were not yet at peace, or warlike neighbors threatened an assault: the senate, on the contrary, obtained the peaceful ones. Thus the matter looked as if he had granted the senate the best and most lucrative, undertaking all care and peril himself; but in reality, he made the senate defenceless, retaining the army for his own exclusive use. Only one senatorial province (Africa) obtained one, and afterwards two legions. The governors of the senatorial provinces were divided into two classes. Africa and Asia, according to the decision of the senate, obtained ex-consuls. The other senatorial provinces were entrusted to praetors, who also bore the title of proconsul. The governors of the imperial provinces, on the contrary, though they might also have been consuls, were called propraetors, to indicate that they commanded the army (_praeire_). These propraetors (_legati Caesaris pro praet. cons. pot._) were distinguished from the senatorial proconsuls in this respect--that they held office longer than a year, in consequence of which the provincials obtained great pecuniary relief.” Lugdunensian Gaul belonged to the imperial provinces, and therefore possessed a propraetor and a larger garrison. [121] WITH REGARD TO ULPIUS TRAJANUS. See Plin. _Paneg._ 14, where the supposition is expressed that Domitian at that time cherished “a certain fear” of his victorious general Trajan. [122] GUARD OF HONOR. An imperial propraetor had a right to six lictors. [123] THEY HAVE DETERMINED TO ACCUSE DOMITIAN BEFORE THE SENATE. The senate possessed the right, which however was scarcely more than theoretical, of elevating and deposing emperors. [124] REPUBLIC OF CINCINNATUS AND REGULUS IS REËSTABLISHED. The opposition, under the emperors of the first centuries, possessed a really republican character, which frequently asserted itself in contemporary literature. CHAPTER XVII.