Produced by Brian Foley and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) RACES AND IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA [Illustration: ELLIS ISLAND, IMMIGRATION STATION] RACES AND IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA BY JOHN R. COMMONS PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD. 1907 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1907, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published May, 1907. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing & Co.--Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. CONTENTS PAGE REFERENCES vii CHAPTER I. RACE AND DEMOCRACY 1 II. COLONIAL RACE ELEMENTS 22 III. THE NEGRO 39 IV. NINETEENTH CENTURY ADDITIONS 63 V. INDUSTRY 107 VI. LABOR 135 VII. CITY LIFE, CRIME, AND POVERTY 160 VIII. POLITICS 179 IX. AMALGAMATION AND ASSIMILATION 198 INDEX 239 ILLUSTRATIONS ELLIS ISLAND, IMMIGRANT STATION _Frontispiece_ PAGE "RETURN OF THE MAYFLOWER." Painting By Boughton, 1834 _opposite_ 24 ANGLO-SAXON MOUNTAINEERS, BEREA COLLEGE, KENTUCKY _opposite_ 36 COUNTIES HAVING A LARGER PROPORTION OF NEGROES IN 1900 THAN IN 1880 _opposite_ 50 MOVEMENT OF IMMIGRANTS, IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE PER CAPITA AND IMMIGRANTS PER 10,000 POPULATION _between_ 63-64 ALIENS AWAITING ADMISSION AT ELLIS ISLAND _opposite_ 78 NORWEGIAN, ITALIAN, AND ARABIC TYPES " 90 SLAV, JEWISH, POLACK, AND LITHUANIAN TYPES " 96 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS OF IMMIGRANTS--1906 _between_ 108-109 AMERICAN SCHOOL BOYS _opposite_ 122 FILIPINO GOVERNORS " 142 GOVERNOR JOHNSON OF MINNESOTA.--SWEDE " 154 DR. ORONHYATEKHA, MOHAWK INDIAN. LATE CHIEF OF ORDER OF FORESTERS " 168 CHINESE STUDENTS, HONOLULU " 186 FACULTY OF TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE " 202 SLAVIC HOME MISSIONARIES " 216 ALIENS AWAITING ADMISSION AT ELLIS ISLAND " 230 REFERENCES CITED IN FOOTNOTES "AMERICA'S RACE PROBLEMS." A series of discussions on indigenous race elements and the negro. _American Academy of Political and Social Science_, Vol. XVIII, No. 1 (1901).