In a recent work, M. Bloch has demonstrated that phosphorus, undergoing
oxidation in air, gives rise to slightly motile ions, which make the air
conduct, and cause condensation of aqueous vapour.
Uranium and thorium are elements which possess the highest atomic
weights (240 and 232); they occur frequently in the same minerals.
_Radio-active Minerals._
I have examined many minerals in my apparatus; certain of them gave
evidence of radio-activity, _e.g._, pitchblende, thorite, orangite,
fergusonite, cleveite, chalcolite, autunite, monazite, &c. The following
is a table giving in ampères the intensity, _i_, of the current obtained
with metallic uranium and with different minerals:—
│_i_ × 10^{11}.
Uranium │2·3
Pitchblende from Johanngeorgenstadt│8·3
Pitchblende from Joachimsthal │7·0
Pitchblende from Pzibran │6·5
Pitchblende from Cornwallis │1·6
Cleveite │1·4
Chalcolite │5·2
Autunite │2·7
───────────────────────────────────┼──────────────
Various thorites │0·1
〃 │0·3
〃 │0·7
〃 │1·3
〃 │1·4
───────────────────────────────────┼──────────────
Orangite │2·0
Monazite │0·5
Xenotime │0·03
Æschynite │0·7
───────────────────────────────────┼──────────────
Fergusonite (two samples) │0·4
〃 │0·1
───────────────────────────────────┼──────────────
Samarskite │1·1
───────────────────────────────────┼──────────────
Niobite (two samples) │0·1
〃 │0·3
───────────────────────────────────┼──────────────
Tantalite │0·02
Carnotite │6·2
The current obtained with orangite (native oxide of thorium) varied
greatly with the thickness of the layer. By increasing this thickness
from 0·25 m.m. to 6 m.m. the current increased from 1·8 to 2·3.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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