A weight of ·03 gr. of radium chloride of activity 1000 times that of
uranium was placed in a Drechsel bottle and a sufficient amount of water
drawn in to dissolve it. The released emanation was swept out by a
current of air into a small gas holder and then into a testing cylinder.
The initial saturation current was proportional to _N₀_. A rapid current
of air was then passed through the radium solution for some time in
order to remove any slight amount of emanation which had not been
removed initially. The Drechsel bottle was closed air-tight, and allowed
to stand undisturbed for a definite time _t_. The accumulated emanation
was then swept out as before into the testing vessel. The new ionization
current represents the value of _N_{t}_ the amount of emanation formed
in the compound during the interval _t_.
In the experiment _t_ = 105 minutes,
and the observed value
_N__{t}
----- = ·0131.
_N₀_
Assuming that there is no decay during the interval,
_N_{t}_ = 105 × 60 × _q₀_.
_N₀_
Thus --- = 480,000.
_q₀_
Making the small correction for the decay of activity during the
interval,
_N₀_
----- = 477,000.
_q₀_
We have previously shown that from the theory
_N₀_ 1
----- = ---- = 463,000.
_q₀_ λ
The agreement between theory and experiment is thus as close as could be
expected from the nature of the experiments. This experiment proves
conclusively that the rate of production of emanation in the solid
compound is the same as in the solution. In the former case it is
occluded, in the latter it escapes as fast as it is produced.
It is remarkable how little emanation, compared with the amount stored
up in the compound, escapes from solid radium chloride in a dry
atmosphere. One experiment showed that the emanating power in the dry
solid state was less than ½% of the emanating power of the solution.
Since nearly 500,000 times as much emanation is stored up in the solid
compound as is produced per second, this result showed that the amount
of emanation which escaped per second was less than 10⁻⁸ of that
occluded in the compound.
If a solid radium chloride compound is kept in a moist atmosphere, the
emanating power becomes comparable with the amount produced per second
in the solution. In such a case, since the rate of escape is continuous,
the amount occluded will be much less than the amount for the
non-emanating material.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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