The method generally adopted in the experiments was to open the slide
for a definite interval, ranging in the experiments from 15 to 120
minutes. The slide was then closed and the currents in each half
determined at once. The central rods, which had been kept negatively
charged during the experiments, had most of the excited activity
concentrated on their surfaces. These were removed, new rods substituted
and the current immediately determined. The ratio of the currents in the
half cylinders under these conditions was proportional to _S₁_ and _S₂_,
the amounts of emanation present in the two halves of the cylinder.
The values of _K_, deduced from different values of _t_, were found to
be in good agreement. In the earlier experiments the values of _K_ were
found to vary between ·08 and ·12. In some later experiments, where
great care was taken to ensure that temperature conditions were very
constant, the values of _K_ were found to vary between ·07 and ·09. The
lower value ·07 is most likely nearer the true value, as temperature
disturbances tend to give too large a value of _K_. No certain
differences were observed in the value of _K_ whether the air was dry or
damp, or whether an electric field was acting or not.
=161.= Some experiments on the rate of diffusion of the radium emanation
into air were made at a later date by P. Curie and Danne[256]. If the
emanation is contained in a closed reservoir, it has been shown that its
activity, which is a measure of the amount of emanation present,
decreases according to an exponential law with the time. If the
reservoir is put in communication with the outside air through a
capillary tube, the emanation slowly diffuses out, and the amount of
emanation in the reservoir is found to decrease according to the same
law as before, but at a faster rate. Using tubes of different lengths
and diameters, the rate of diffusion was found to obey the same laws as
a gas. The value of _K_ was found to be 0·100. This is a slightly
greater value of _K_ than the lowest value 0·07 found by Rutherford and
Miss Brooks. No mention is made by Curie and Danne of having taken any
special precautions against temperature disturbances, and this may
account for the higher value of _K_ obtained by them.
They also found that the emanation, like a gas, always divided itself
between two reservoirs, put in connection with one another, in the
proportion of their volumes. In one experiment one reservoir was kept at
a temperature of 10° C. and the other at 350° C. The emanation divided
itself between the two reservoirs in the same proportion as would a gas
under the same conditions.
=162.= For the purpose of comparison, a few of the coefficients of
inter-diffusion of gases, compiled from Landolt and Bernstein’s tables,
are given below.
Gas or vapour Coefficient of Molecular
diffusion into weight
air
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