Observations were first made on the heat emission from 30 milligrams of
radium bromide. The difference in pressure observed on the manometer was
standardized by placing a small coil of wire of known resistance in the
place of the radium. The strength of the current through the wire was
adjusted to give the same difference of pressure on the manometer. In
this way it was found that the heat emission per gram of radium bromide
corresponded to 65 gram-calories per hour. Taking the atomic weight of
radium as 225, this is equivalent to a rate of emission of heat from one
gram of metallic radium of 110 gram-calories per hour.
The emanation from the 30 milligrams of radium bromide was then removed
by heating the radium (section 215). By passing the emanation through a
small glass tube immersed in liquid air, the emanation was condensed.
The tube was sealed off while the emanation was still condensed in the
tube. In this way the emanation was concentrated in a small glass tube
about 4 cms. long. The heating effects of the “de-emanated” radium and
of the emanation tube were then determined at intervals. It was found
that, after removal of the emanation, the heating effect of the radium
decayed in the course of a few hours to a minimum, corresponding to
about 25 per cent. of the original heat emission, and then gradually
increased again, reaching its original value after about a month’s
interval. The heating effect of the emanation tube was found to increase
for the first few hours after separation to a maximum, and then to decay
regularly with the time according to an exponential law, falling to half
its maximum value in about four days. The actual heat emission of the
emanation tube was determined by sending a current through a coil of
wire occupying the same length and position as the emanation tube.
The variation with time of the heating effect from 30 milligrams of
radium and the emanation from it is shown in Fig. 99.
[Illustration: Fig. 99.]
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