Curve _A_ shows the variation with time of the heat emission of the
radium and curve _B_ of the emanation. The sum total of the rate of heat
emission of the radium and the emanation together, was at any time found
to be equal to that of the original radium. The maximum heating effect
of the tube containing the emanation from 30 milligrams of radium
bromide was 1·26 gram-calories per hour. The emanation together with the
secondary products which arise from it, obtained from one gram of
radium, would thus give out 42 gram-calories per hour. The emanation
stored up in the radium is thus responsible for more than two-thirds of
the total heat emission from radium. It will be seen later that the
decrease to a minimum of the heating effect of radium, after removal of
the emanation, is connected with the decay of the excited activity. In a
similar way, the increase of the heating effect of the emanation to a
maximum some hours after removal is also a result of the excited
activity produced by the emanation on the walls of the containing
vessel. Disregarding for the moment these rapid initial changes in heat
emission, it is seen that the heating effect of the emanation and its
further products, after reaching a maximum, decreases at the same rate
as that at which the emanation loses its activity, that is, it falls to
half value in four days. If _Q__{max.} is the maximum heating effect and
_Q_{t}_ the heating effect at any time _t_ later, then
$$ \frac {Q_t} {Q_{max}} = e^{–λt} $$
where λ is the constant of change of the emanation.
The curve of recovery of the heating effect of radium from its minimum
value is identical with the curve of recovery of its activity measured
by the α rays. Since the minimum heating effect is 25 per cent. of the
total, the heat emission _Q_{t}_ at any time _t_ after reaching a
minimum is given by
$$ \frac {Q_t} {Q_{max}} = \cdot25 + \cdot75 (1 − e^{–λt}) $$,
where _Q__{max.} is the maximum rate of heat emission and λ, as before,
is the constant of change of the emanation.
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