[121] The diverse interests to be reconciled must also include the lumbering centres once "next the stump," but now placed at a relative disadvantage. The Eau Claire lumber case [reprinted in Railway Problems, pp. 203-233] should be read in this connection. [122] The remarkable rise of the sash, door and blind industry in the South, as prejudiced by comparison with Chicago under an outworn schedule of rates, is given in 23 I.C.C. Rep., 110. [123] On the parity cases, consult Hammond, Railway Rate Theories, etc., 1911, pp. 120 and 149. [124] 14 I.C.C. Rep., 1-74 and Ann. Rep. I.C.C., 1911, p. 46. The later judicial history will be found at p. 543, _infra_. [125] P. 489, _infra_. [126] Rates must not vary with profits. 13 I.C.C. Rep., 429; and consistently held ever since. [127] Arbitration of Cotton Rates, etc., Nov. 15 and 16, 1900; pamphlet arguments of Southern v. Illinois Central Railways. Wool rates are the same. 23 I. C. C. Rep., 151. [128] This was the gist of the complaint in the Cincinnati Freight Bureau case; pp. 248, 392 and 588, _infra_. [129] Chapters XI and XIX, _infra_. [130] Now covered by law since 1910. Pp. 512 and 571, _infra_. [131] Pp. 324 and _infra_. [132] Senate Committee on the Transportation Interests of the United States and Canada, 1890, p. 362. [133] 9 Int. Com. Rep., 318; in our Railway Problems, chap. XVII. [134] Hammond, Railway Rate Theories, etc., 1911, p. 82, cites cases. [135] Chapter VIII, _infra_. [136] 5 Int. Com. Rep., 264; in our Railway Problems, chap. VIII. [137] _Cf._ p. 255 _et seq., infra_. [138] A carload of bamboo steamer chairs from San Francisco to New York for $9.40 in the course of a rate war, would seem to be rather below bed-rock. 21 I. C. C. Rep., 349. [139] _Quarterly Journal of Economics_, V, 1891, pp. 438-65; reprinted in Railway Problems, chap. V. [140] _Cf._ Int. Com. Reports, 1903, p. 436. [141] The Hepburn Committee testimony in 1879, p. 2893, is eloquent upon this aspect of the question. [142] 1st Annual Report, I.C.C., 1888. _Cf._ Strombeck, Freight Classification, pp. 35-60. [143] C., N. O. & T. P. case, testimony, vol. II, pp. 332-333. [144] _Cf._ The Freight Rate Primer, bearing no authors or publishers name, but largely compiled from addresses by President W. C. Brown of the New York Central & Hudson River. Similar arguments and computations occur in the testimony before the Senate (Elkins) Committee of 1905, pp. 1162 and 2276. [145] Now who will say that it is unreasonable to charge 7-1/2 cts. to carry a suit of clothes from Chicago to New York.... Railways could charge three or four times the cost of transportation for a pair of drawers and the rates would still be reasonable.... But all the first-class rates are of that nature.--Albert Fink, testimony, C., N. O. & T. P. case, p. 290. [146] Senate (Elkins) Committee, 1905, p. 1162. [147] In _re_ Proposed Advances in Freight Rates, I.C.C., April 1, 1903.